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quiz sheshaball > extrachromosomal inheritance tapos population genetics > Flashcards

extrachromosomal inheritance tapos population genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Members of a species
can interbreed &
produce fertile
offspring

A

Gene Pool

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2
Q

all of the
alleles of all individuals
in a population

A

Gene pool

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3
Q

A group of the
same species living
in an area

A

Populations

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4
Q

Formation of new
species and Requires very long periods of time

A

Speciation

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5
Q

study of genetic
variation within a
population

A

Population genetics

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6
Q

Emphasis on
quantitative
characters

A

Combines Darwinian
selection and
Mendelian inheritance

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7
Q

comprehensive
theory of evolution
(Modern Synthesis
Theory)

A

1940s

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8
Q

are responsible for
the inheritance of characteristics

A

GENES

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9
Q

not
individuals, evolve due to natural selection
& genetic drift

A

POPULATIONS

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10
Q

usually is due
to the gradual accumulation of small genetic
changes

A

SPECIATION

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11
Q

Used to describe a non-evolving population.

A

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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12
Q

meiosis and random fertilization have no effect on the overall gene pool.

A

Shuffling of alleles

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13
Q

are NOT
expected to actually be in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.

A

Natural populations

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14
Q

from Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium usually results in
evolution

A

Deviation

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15
Q

5 Assumptions of the H-W Principle

A

Large population size
No migration
No net mutations
Random mating
No natural selection

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16
Q

small populations have fluctuations in allele
frequencies

A

Large population size

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17
Q

immigrants can change the frequency of an
allele by bringing in new alleles to a
population.

A

No migration

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18
Q

if alleles change from one to another, this
will change the frequency of those alleles

A

No net mutations

19
Q

if certain traits are more desirable, then individuals with those traits will be
selected and this will not allow for random
mixing of alleles.

A

Random mating

20
Q

if some individuals survive and reproduce
at a higher rate than others, then their
offspring will carry those genes and the
frequency will change for the next
generation.

A

No natural selection

21
Q

The gene pool of a NON-EVOLVING population remains BLANK over multiple
generations

A

CONSTANT

22
Q

the change in the gene pool of a small
population due to chance

A

Genetic Drift

23
Q

success in reproduction based on heritable
traits results in selected alleles being passed to
relatively more offspring

A

Natural Selection

24
Q

is genetic exchange due to the migration of
fertile individuals or gametes between
populations

A

Gene Flow

25
Q

a change in an organism’s DNA
Mutations can be transmitted in gametes to
offspring

A

Mutation

26
Q

Mates are chosen on the basis of the best
traits

A

Non-random mating

27
Q

Causes of Microevolution 5

A

Genetic Drift
Natural Selection
Gene Flow
Mutation
Non-random mating

28
Q

a drastic reduction in population (volcanoes,
earthquakes, landslides …)

A

Bottleneck Effect

29
Q

occurs when a new colony is started by a few
members of the original population

A

Founder Effect

30
Q

have little genetic variation in
their gene pool

A

Cheetahs

31
Q

Modes of Natural Selection 3

A

Directional Selection
Disruptive selection
Stabilizing Selection

32
Q

Favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic
range

A

Directional Selection

33
Q

Favors extreme over intermediate phenotypes

A

Disruptive selection

34
Q

Favors intermediate over extreme phenotypes

A

Stabilizing Selection

35
Q

often result in
little or no benefit to an organism, or are often
harmful

A

Mutations

36
Q

source of most genetic differences between
individuals in a population

A

Genetic Recombination

37
Q

Often occurs between parasite & host and
flowers & their pollinators

A

Co-evolution

38
Q

also known as cytoplasmic or extranuclear inheritance, also refers to the inheritance of traits that are not controlled by chromosome genes. Discovered by Boris Ephrussi.

A

Extrachromosomal Inheritance

39
Q

Possess their own DNA, known as Chloroplast DNA

A

Chloroplast Inheritance

40
Q

Chloroplast Inheritance discovered by

A

Carl Correns and Erwin Baur in 1909

41
Q

Is the main form of extrachromosomal inheritance in animals

A

Mitochondrial Inheritance

42
Q

Refers to a mode of inheritance where genetic material or traits are inherited from a single parent, either the mother or the father

A

Uniparental Inheritance

43
Q

Is a less common form of extrachromosomal inheritance where genetic material from both parents contributes to the traits encoded by the extrachromosomal organelles

A

Biparental Inheritance

44
Q

Is a mode of extrachromosomal inheritance that involves the random distribution of cytoplasmic elements during cell division in asexual reproduction

A

Vegetative Segregation

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