Genetics 9A Flashcards
What is a species
A group of similar organisms who can produce offspring that can also reproduce
What are characteristics
Describes how you look
What is variation
Differences in characteristics
What is inherited characteristics
When children get parents characteristics
What does nuclei contain
Chromosomes which contain genes which contain genetic information which carries the instructions for your characteristics and how they vary
The nuclei of gametes only contain
Half the chromosomes of normal cells
What are mutations
Changes in genes
How many chromosomes are there in one human cell
46 but 23 in gametes
A female nucleus contain
Two large X chromosomes
A male nucleus contains
1 large x and 1 small y
What are alleles
Different versions of the same gene
One allele is more dominant
Than a recessive one
For a recessive gene to work
For a recessive gene to work both chromosomes must be recessive
Plants that are the same species but show clear differences are
From a different variety
Breeds are
Varieties within breeds
Environmental variation is caused by
Environmental variation is caused by environmental factors
Selective breeding def
When animals with certain characteristics are selected for breeding
Cross breeding def
Different breeed are selected to mate with each other
Genetic modification
When genes are put or replaced in animals
Male gametes of flower
Pollen grain
Pollination
Transfer of pollen to a stigma
Cloning is
Asexual reproduction and does not need gametes
Order of largest to smallest Chromosome DNA Nuclei Genes Cell
Cell nuclei chromosome dna genes
What is a gene
A length of dna that codes for a specific protein
Characteristic are
Heredity plus environmental factors
What is genetics
The study of heredity
Emma has short thumbs which is controlled by genes
Yes because heredity characteristics are the are the only ones passed through genes
Describe the structure of DNA
It has a double helix structure - a coil containing two chains
