Genetics Flashcards
What are genetics
Characteristics from parents
Who was the first person that tested genetics
Gregor Mendel
Did Gregor first have to do with the pea pant
He had to override self pollination
How did Gregor override self pollination in the P plant
He did this by cross pollination
What did he receive when he began taking care of the garden
Purebred P seeds
What happen with Mendel crossed pollinated the purebred plants and looked at the traits
He had created hybrids
What did Mendel expect to find
Blending
What did Mendel find
Dominant and recessive
What were the two conclusions that Mendel drew
- Individual factors control the tree of the organisms
2. Dominance principal
What are controlling factor is called
Genes
What is a gene
A length of DNA that codes for a particular trait
What are contrasting forms of genes called
Alleles
What are alleles
Contrasting forms of genes
What is the length of DNA that codes for a particular trait
Genes
What is the P generation
Parents
F1 generation
Filial
First filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parents
F2 generation
Filial
The filial generation comprised of offspring resulting from the mating of two members of fist filial generations
Define linked genes
Genes on a chromosome are inherited together
Define linkage groups
Packages of jeans that I always tended to be inherited together
Define recombinant
Individuals with new combinations of jeans
Define sex chromosomes
Seemingly mismatched chromosomes
Define autosomes
Chromosomes that are the same between both male and female
Define sex linked
A gene located on one of the sex chromosomes
What are hybrids
Organisms produced by crossing parents with a different traits
What is The first conclusion
Individual factors control the traits of organism
- genes: control traits
- alleles: contrasting forms of genes
What is the second conclusion
Dominance principal
Dominant allele
Always expressed and hides other (represented by capital letters)
Recessive allele
Only expressed when a dominant gene is not present (represented by lower case letters)
Define haploid
Cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes
Define gamete
Mature haploid cell ready to fuse with another mature haploid cell
Define zygotes
Diploid cell composed from the fusion of two haploid cells
What is a cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes
Haploid
What is a mature haploid cell ready to fuse with another mature haploid cell
Gamete
What is a diploid cell composed from the fusion of two haploid cells
Zygotes
What is the law of segregation
States that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Phenotype
Characteristics of an individual resulting from the he interaction of its genotype with the environment
What is independent assortment related to gamete formation
When the two factors for each trait are segregated during the formation of gametes
