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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are genetics

A

Characteristics from parents

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2
Q

Who was the first person that tested genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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3
Q

Did Gregor first have to do with the pea pant

A

He had to override self pollination

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4
Q

How did Gregor override self pollination in the P plant

A

He did this by cross pollination

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5
Q

What did he receive when he began taking care of the garden

A

Purebred P seeds

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6
Q

What happen with Mendel crossed pollinated the purebred plants and looked at the traits

A

He had created hybrids

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7
Q

What did Mendel expect to find

A

Blending

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8
Q

What did Mendel find

A

Dominant and recessive

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9
Q

What were the two conclusions that Mendel drew

A
  1. Individual factors control the tree of the organisms

2. Dominance principal

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10
Q

What are controlling factor is called

A

Genes

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11
Q

What is a gene

A

A length of DNA that codes for a particular trait

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12
Q

What are contrasting forms of genes called

A

Alleles

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13
Q

What are alleles

A

Contrasting forms of genes

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14
Q

What is the length of DNA that codes for a particular trait

A

Genes

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15
Q

What is the P generation

A

Parents

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16
Q

F1 generation

Filial

A

First filial generation of offspring of distinctly different parents

17
Q

F2 generation

Filial

A

The filial generation comprised of offspring resulting from the mating of two members of fist filial generations

18
Q

Define linked genes

A

Genes on a chromosome are inherited together

19
Q

Define linkage groups

A

Packages of jeans that I always tended to be inherited together

20
Q

Define recombinant

A

Individuals with new combinations of jeans

21
Q

Define sex chromosomes

A

Seemingly mismatched chromosomes

22
Q

Define autosomes

A

Chromosomes that are the same between both male and female

23
Q

Define sex linked

A

A gene located on one of the sex chromosomes

24
Q

What are hybrids

A

Organisms produced by crossing parents with a different traits

25
Q

What is The first conclusion

A

Individual factors control the traits of organism

  • genes: control traits
  • alleles: contrasting forms of genes
26
Q

What is the second conclusion

A

Dominance principal

27
Q

Dominant allele

A

Always expressed and hides other (represented by capital letters)

28
Q

Recessive allele

A

Only expressed when a dominant gene is not present (represented by lower case letters)

29
Q

Define haploid

A

Cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes

30
Q

Define gamete

A

Mature haploid cell ready to fuse with another mature haploid cell

31
Q

Define zygotes

A

Diploid cell composed from the fusion of two haploid cells

32
Q

What is a cell with single set of unpaired chromosomes

A

Haploid

33
Q

What is a mature haploid cell ready to fuse with another mature haploid cell

A

Gamete

34
Q

What is a diploid cell composed from the fusion of two haploid cells

A

Zygotes

35
Q

What is the law of segregation

A

States that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization

36
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic constitution of an individual organism

37
Q

Phenotype

A

Characteristics of an individual resulting from the he interaction of its genotype with the environment

38
Q

What is independent assortment related to gamete formation

A

When the two factors for each trait are segregated during the formation of gametes

Biology (16 decks)

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