Cell Flashcards
What is the difference between plant and animal cells?
Plant cells: box shaped cells, prokaryote cells, have no lysosomes and centrioles, cell is rigid
Animal cells: eukaryotes cells, circular, has a membrane-enclosed nucleus, which houses dna
What are the Eight organelles?
- Mitochondria
- Lysosomes
- Ribosomes
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuoles
- Golgi apparatus
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Cytoskeleton
Exocytosis
The process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell
Endocytosis
The process of capturing a particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane and bringing it into the cell.
What is the function of mitochondria
It converts the chemical energy in food to the chemical energy of ATP
What is the function of chloroplasts
Converts light energy into the chemical energy of sugar
What is the function of a ribosome
Poly peptide synthesis
Is the function of rough ER
proteins synthesis, phospholipids synthesis, formation of transport vesicles
Is the function of smooth ER
Lipid synthesis, detoxification of liver cell
What is the function of Golgi apparatus
Packaging of proteins, modification of macromolecules, formation of lysosomes
What is the function of a cytoskeleton
Provide structural support and cell motility
Is the function of vacuoles
Storage
Is the function of lysosomes
Digestion of food
What is an organelle
Partitioned into functional compartments
What’s the problem of having a lysosome that doesn’t work
Without it you can’t digest or clean out
Three vacuoles
Food vacuole which holds food, central vacuole which holds water in plants, contractile vacuole which balances water in plants
What are the parts of mitochondria
The outer membrane, inter-membrane space, inner membrane, matrix star cristae
What are the parts of chloroplasts
Outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoid, Granham, stroma
What are the three fibers inside a skeleton
Microtubule, microfilaments, intermediate filaments
What is actin and tubulin
Acton makes of microfilaments, tubulin makes of microtubules
How are movements achieved by cells in regards to the fibers
Dynein attaches to microtubules and walks
What helps the anchoring
Centrosome
What is the difference between Cilia and flagella
Celia is short and many and moves quickly, flagella is Long and coupled and fast sweep like motion
No the 9 x 2 structure of Celia and flagella
9 x 2
Define diffusion
The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of high concentration of that substance to areas of low concentration
Define osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Define selectively permeable membrane
Some substance can pass through a membrane well other substances are blocked
Define facilitated diffusion
Passive transport through protein channels embedded in the cell membrane
Define active transport
Requires energy makes ADP and goes against the gradient
Define passive transport
The movement of substances through the phospholipid Byler portion of the membrane without energy goes with the gradient and goes from high concentration to low concentration
