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Biomolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are organic compounds made of?

A

Carbon

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2
Q

What does carbon come together to create?

A

Organic compounds

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3
Q

What is the definition of an isomer?

A

Compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements are called isomers.

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4
Q

What is it called when compounds with the same formula but different structure arrangements?

A

Isomers

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5
Q

What are the six organic families?

A 
Hydroxyl group, 
carbonyl group, 
carboxyl group, 
amino group, 
phosphate group, 
methyl group
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6
Q

What are the functional groups?

A 
Hydroxyl group, 
carbonyl group, 
carboxyl group, 
amino group, 
phosphate group
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7
Q

What is the sixth group?

A

Methyl group

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8
Q

Which group is polar and which group is nonpolar?

A

The functional group: hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate is all polar. The methyl group: methyl is nonpolar.

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9
Q

What is the functional group polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar: hydrophilic, they like water

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10
Q

What is the methyl group polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar: hydrophobic, they hate waters

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11
Q

What does polar mean

A

Hydrophilic, loves water

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12
Q

What does nonpolar mean?

A

Hydrophobic, they hate water

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13
Q

What is hydrophilic and loves water,

A

Polar

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14
Q

What is hydrophobic, hate water

A

Nonpolar

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15
Q

What is the chemical formula of hydroxyl

A

OH

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16
Q

What is OH

A

hydroxyl

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17
Q

The chemical formula of carbonyl

A

CHO

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18
Q

What is CHO

A

Carbonyl

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19
Q

What is the chemical formula of carboxyl

A

COOH

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20
Q

what is COOH?

A

Carboxyl

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21
Q

The chemical formula for amino?

A

NH2

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22
Q

NH2

A

amino

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23
Q

What is the chemical formula for phosphate

A

P04

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24
Q

What is P04

A

Phosphate

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25
What is the chemical formula for methyl?
CH4
26
What is CH4
Methyl
27
What is a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together?
Polymers
28
What is polymer?
A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many identical or similar building blocks strung together, much as a train consist of chains of cars
29
What is a monomer?
Monomers the building blocks of a polymer
30
What is the name of the building blocks of polymers
Monomers
31
What is the definition of enzymes?
Enzymes are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells
32
What are specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells?
Enzymes
33
What is the process of dehydration synthesis?
It is the joining of monomers together that creates polymers, takes away water
34
Is it called when monomers join together and create polymers
Dehydration synthesis
35
Is the process of hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is the breaking apart a polymers into monomers, adds water to break apart polymers
36
Is the breaking apart a polymers into monomers
Hydrolysis
37
What is the chemical formula for carbohydrates
CHO
38
What does CHO stand for
Carbohydrates
39
What are carbohydrates
Sugar
40
What is a monosaccharide?
Monosaccharide is one sugar such as glucose, fructose, galactose. It is made of the hydroxyl group and carbonyl group. It is the carbohydrate monomer/single unit sugar.
41
What is a disaccharide?
Cells construct a disaccharide from two monosaccharide monomers by a dehydration reaction. Examples of disaccharide are sucrose, lactose, maltose.
42
What is a polysaccharide?
Polysaccharides are macromolecules, polymers of hundreds to thousands of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reaction. They may function as storage molecules or a structural compounds. Examples are starch, glycogen, cellulose.
43
What involves “ose” and “ase”
Sugar and enzymes
44
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
To have energy and build structure
45
What are the three types of lipids
Fats, phospholipids, sterols
46
What are the two types of fats
Fatty acids, triglycerides
47
Is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats and trans unsaturated fat’s
Saturated fats are solids and full of hydrogen, unsaturated fatty acid’s are oil/liquids and are bent, trans unsaturated fatty acid’s are bad except increase shelf life
48
Explain a peptide bond
Amino acid go through dehydration synthesis and went to our joint they create a dipeptide bond when another one or more are joint to those two amino acids becomes a polypeptide.
49
Are the four steps to having an amino acid become a protein?
Primary: amino acid sequence/polypeptide chain Secondary: folding a peptide chain into beta sheet or alpha helix Tertiary: three-dimensional folding of beta sheet or alpha helix Quaternary: collection of tertiary structures into a specific shape
50
Are the seven functions of proteins
1. Structural 2. Contractile 3. Defensive 4. Signal 5. Receptor 6. Transport 7. Storage
51
What are examples of the functions of protein?
1. Structural: bones 2. Contractile: muscles 3. Defensive,: white blood cells 4. Signal proteins: lipid/hormones 5. receptor: outside of cell 6. Transport: hemoglobins 7. Storage: food vacuoles
52
What specific part of a protein is important and determines the function
Shape
53
What does shape determine
Function
54
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
55
What does RNA stand for
Ribose nucleic acid
56
What is the definition of transcription
First step of gene expression, DNA is opened by the enzyme RNA polymerase and DNA is copied into RNA.
57
What is the definition of translation
Process of converting our night into a polypeptide chain using a ribosome
58
What is the first step of gene expression, DNA is opened by the enzyme RNA polymerase and DNA is copied and RNA
Transcription
59
What is the process of Converting our chain into a polypeptide chain using a ribosome
Translation
60
What compound is only made of hydrogen and carbon?
Hydrocarbon
61
This hydrocarbon made out of
Hydrogen carbon
62
Explain the different structures of carbon
There carbon rings in their chains versus branching branching involves double bonds
63
Splaine dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis with carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid
All of them involve both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis, but protein has a special name to call the peptide bond
64
What are examples of the functions of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides and disaccharides give energy and polysaccharides build structure
65
Is a triglyceride made of
Glycerol and fatty acids
66
There’s a phospholipid made of
Phosphate group and fatty acids
67
What is the composition of an amino acid
Amino group, alpha carbon, carboxyl group, side chain
68
What is denature
Polypeptide chain is unraveled and it loses specifics shape and function
69
Is it called when a polypeptide chain unravels and loses its specific shape and function
Denature
70
Why does denaturation happen
When the proteins break down due to heat or change in pH
71
When does hydrolysis occur
It only occurs with a circle enzyme
72
What is the composition of nucleotides and what differentiates them
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base: back bone — the base creates A hydrogen bond
73
What is the function of a nucleic acid
Storage of genetic code and protein synthesis
74
What is DNA
It is double stranded and double helix
75
What is RNA
Single Stranded and has ribose sugar
76
What are the four names in RNA
Uracil, cytosine, adenine, guanine
77
What are the four names in DNA
Thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine

Biology (16 decks)

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