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Biology > DNA Replication test > Flashcards

DNA Replication test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is DNA found

A

In nucleus

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2
Q

When does the replication occur?

A

When the cell is ready to split

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3
Q

Bands are apart of what structure and are?

A

DNA structure and are complementary (always the same)

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4
Q

Each strand in the structure is…?

A

An inverse replica of the other (template)

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5
Q

What are the six proteins of the DNA replication

A

Helicase, topoisomerase, binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase

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6
Q

What are the five terms?

A
  1. Parent strand
  2. Daughter strand
  3. Leading strand
  4. Lagging strand
  5. Replication fork
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7
Q

What does the helicase do?

A

Unwinds and unzips the double helix

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8
Q

What does the topoisomerase do?

A

Relieves supercool by cutting and reconnecting the sugar phosphate backbone

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9
Q

What does the binding proteins do?

A

Single strand binding proteins keep helices from binding

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10
Q

What does the primase do?

A

Short strand of RNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
Must go from 5’ to 3’

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11
Q

What does the DNA polymerase do?

A

Enzyme that connects free nuecleotides to the parent strand forming a complementary strand

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12
Q

What is the adj for leading strand?

A

Continuous

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13
Q

Lagging strand

A

Fragmented

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14
Q

What does the DNA ligase do?

A

Joins single chain links between Okazaki fragments. Completes short patch DNA synthesis occurring in DNA repair process

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15
Q

What are the 4 parts of the membrane function?

A 
Diffusion
1. Osmosis
Permeability
Transport
1. Passive transport
  A. Facilitated diffusion
2. Active transport 
Movement
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16
Q

Def of diffusion ?

A

The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration

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17
Q

Def of permeable?

A

The membrane that allows substances to pass through

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18
Q

Def of Impermeable?

A

A membrane that does not allow substances pass through

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19
Q

Def of selectively permeable?

A

Some substances can pass through a membrane while Other substances are blocked

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20
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

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21
Q

What is passive transport

A

The movement of substances through the phospholipid bilayer portion of the membrane without energy

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22
Q

What are the two kinds of transports

A

Passive and active

23
Q

What is active transport

A

Requires energy, atp becomes adp, goes against gradient

24
Q

Passive transport nonpolar or polar

A

Nonpolar

25
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Passive transport through protein channels embedded in the cell membrane

26
Q

What does the active transport requires

A

Energy/ATP and it becomes ADP

27
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vacuole joins with the plasma membrane and cytoplasm to surround and engulf a large particle(cell eating)

28
Q

Endocytosis

A

Plasma membrane forms a pocket around substance, engulfs it and then forms a vacuole in the cytoplasma

29
Q

Beta oxidation

A

Mitochondrial matrix

30
Q

What protein unwinds and unzips

A

Helicase

31
Q

What protein relieves the supercoil

A

Topoisomerase

32
Q

What protein keeps the daughter strand from closing

A

Binding proteins

33
Q

What protein creates a handhold for the 5’ and makes a starting point

A

Primase

34
Q

What is density

A

More dense less permeable

34
Q

Able to state the two different molecules that make up an ATP

A

Adenosine and phosphate

35
Q

Be able to define phosphorylation

A

ADP and inorganic phosphate — ATP: adding one (inorganic) phosphate to make ATP

36
Q

State and explain the main purpose of glycolysis

A

Glucose—pyruvate—NADH

37
Q

State and explain the main purpose of the beta oxidation

A

Cuts fatty acid every 2 carbons, create Acetal CoA

38
Q

State and explain the main purpose of the Krebs cycle

A

Take carbon off (6 MADH, 2 FADHv2, ATP—24 NADH, 8FADHv2, (lipid) ATP)

39
Q

Staying explain the main purpose of oxidative Phosphorylation

A

Redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electronic acceptor

40
Q

What are the two parts under oxidative phosphorylase

A

Electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis

41
Q

What does electron transport chain do?

A

Pump hydrogen out to create gradient

42
Q

What is chemiosmosis

A

ATP synthase, create ATP w/ out using ATP

43
Q

What are the four different ways that energy is stored

A
  1. ATP, ADP
  2. NADH, FADHv2, NADPH
  3. Organic molecules
  4. Kno the summary chemical equations for cellular respiration
44
Q

How is energy stored in ATP and ADP

A

ATP: high energy bonds
ADP: one less

45
Q

How is energy stores with NADH, FADHv2, NADPH

A

Stores in electron: that will be donated

46
Q

How is energy stored with organic molecules

A

Potential energy in carbon chains

47
Q

Kno the summary chemical equations for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6+O2—CO2+H2O

48
Q

Kno why oxygen is important in cellular respiration and what happens if oxygen is not present

A

Can’t form CO2 Krebs cycle doesn’t work, can’t form H2O oxidation doesn’t work

49
Q

State and explain how rate limiting agent in glycolysis and beta oxidation

A

Explain: enzyme breaks off
Agent for BO: carnatine shuttle
Agent for G: PFK(phosphofutose kinase

50
Q

What is the location for glycolysis

A

Cytosol

51
Q

What is the location of beta oxidation

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

What is the location of Kreb’s cycle

A

Mitochondria matrix

53
Q

What is the location for electron transport

A

Cristae

Biology (16 decks)

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