DNA Replication test Flashcards
Where is DNA found
In nucleus
When does the replication occur?
When the cell is ready to split
Bands are apart of what structure and are?
DNA structure and are complementary (always the same)
Each strand in the structure is…?
An inverse replica of the other (template)
What are the six proteins of the DNA replication
Helicase, topoisomerase, binding proteins, primase, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
What are the five terms?
- Parent strand
- Daughter strand
- Leading strand
- Lagging strand
- Replication fork
What does the helicase do?
Unwinds and unzips the double helix
What does the topoisomerase do?
Relieves supercool by cutting and reconnecting the sugar phosphate backbone
What does the binding proteins do?
Single strand binding proteins keep helices from binding
What does the primase do?
Short strand of RNA that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.
Must go from 5’ to 3’
What does the DNA polymerase do?
Enzyme that connects free nuecleotides to the parent strand forming a complementary strand
What is the adj for leading strand?
Continuous
Lagging strand
Fragmented
What does the DNA ligase do?
Joins single chain links between Okazaki fragments. Completes short patch DNA synthesis occurring in DNA repair process
What are the 4 parts of the membrane function?
Diffusion 1. Osmosis Permeability Transport 1. Passive transport A. Facilitated diffusion 2. Active transport Movement
Def of diffusion ?
The process by which molecules of a substance move from areas of higher concentration of that substance to areas of lower concentration
Def of permeable?
The membrane that allows substances to pass through
Def of Impermeable?
A membrane that does not allow substances pass through
Def of selectively permeable?
Some substances can pass through a membrane while Other substances are blocked
What is osmosis
The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
What is passive transport
The movement of substances through the phospholipid bilayer portion of the membrane without energy
What are the two kinds of transports
Passive and active
What is active transport
Requires energy, atp becomes adp, goes against gradient
Passive transport nonpolar or polar
Nonpolar
What is facilitated diffusion
Passive transport through protein channels embedded in the cell membrane
What does the active transport requires
Energy/ATP and it becomes ADP
Exocytosis
Vacuole joins with the plasma membrane and cytoplasm to surround and engulf a large particle(cell eating)
Endocytosis
Plasma membrane forms a pocket around substance, engulfs it and then forms a vacuole in the cytoplasma
Beta oxidation
Mitochondrial matrix
What protein unwinds and unzips
Helicase
What protein relieves the supercoil
Topoisomerase
What protein keeps the daughter strand from closing
Binding proteins
What protein creates a handhold for the 5’ and makes a starting point
Primase
What is density
More dense less permeable
Able to state the two different molecules that make up an ATP
Adenosine and phosphate
Be able to define phosphorylation
ADP and inorganic phosphate — ATP: adding one (inorganic) phosphate to make ATP
State and explain the main purpose of glycolysis
Glucose—pyruvate—NADH
State and explain the main purpose of the beta oxidation
Cuts fatty acid every 2 carbons, create Acetal CoA
State and explain the main purpose of the Krebs cycle
Take carbon off (6 MADH, 2 FADHv2, ATP—24 NADH, 8FADHv2, (lipid) ATP)
Staying explain the main purpose of oxidative Phosphorylation
Redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electronic acceptor
What are the two parts under oxidative phosphorylase
Electron transport chain and Chemiosmosis
What does electron transport chain do?
Pump hydrogen out to create gradient
What is chemiosmosis
ATP synthase, create ATP w/ out using ATP
What are the four different ways that energy is stored
- ATP, ADP
- NADH, FADHv2, NADPH
- Organic molecules
- Kno the summary chemical equations for cellular respiration
How is energy stored in ATP and ADP
ATP: high energy bonds
ADP: one less
How is energy stores with NADH, FADHv2, NADPH
Stores in electron: that will be donated
How is energy stored with organic molecules
Potential energy in carbon chains
Kno the summary chemical equations for cellular respiration
C6H12O6+O2—CO2+H2O
Kno why oxygen is important in cellular respiration and what happens if oxygen is not present
Can’t form CO2 Krebs cycle doesn’t work, can’t form H2O oxidation doesn’t work
State and explain how rate limiting agent in glycolysis and beta oxidation
Explain: enzyme breaks off
Agent for BO: carnatine shuttle
Agent for G: PFK(phosphofutose kinase
What is the location for glycolysis
Cytosol
What is the location of beta oxidation
Mitochondria
What is the location of Kreb’s cycle
Mitochondria matrix
What is the location for electron transport
Cristae
