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Bacteria, viruses, Protists, fungi Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of virus

A
  1. Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

2. Protein coat called capsid

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2
Q

Why do viruses invade cells

A

Viruses invade cells because they are in active outside of the host (virions), they lack ribosomes needed for metabolisms and they use the raw materials of the host cell to be able to reproduce

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3
Q

Lytic cycle summary

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Replication/ maturation
  4. Assembly
  5. Lysis and release
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4
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Integration
  4. Spontaneous induction
  5. Replication/ maturation
  6. Assembly
  7. Lysis and release
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5
Q

How are viruses beneficial to humans?

A

They are beneficial because of genetic engineering – harmless virus carries good genes into cells

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6
Q

What is the basic bacterial anatomy?

A

DNA region, ribosomes, cell wall, and plasmid

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7
Q

The classifications and shapes of bacteria

A

Bacillus: rod shaped, coccus: spherical shaped, Spirillium: spiral shaped, Spirochete: wormlike spiral shape

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8
Q

Groupings of bacteria

A

Diplo: groups of 2/paired, strepto: chains, staphylo: grape like clusters

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9
Q

What are the parts of gram-positive

A

Steam is purple (crystal violet), thicker peptidoglycan, exotoxin (is released when alive)

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10
Q

Are the parts of gram-negative

A

Stained pink (safarin), thin peptidoglycan, endotoxins (is released when dies)

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11
Q

What is the part of asexual

A

Binary fission

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12
Q

What is binary fission, asexual or sexual

A

Asexual

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13
Q

What are the different parts of sexual

A

Conjugation, transformation, transduction

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14
Q

What is conjugation, transformation, transduction part of, asexual or sexual

A

Sexual

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15
Q

What is binary fission

A

It involves the copying of the DNA and the splitting into two new cells

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16
Q

What is transformation

A

Bacteria picks up DNA from dead bacteria cells and incorporates it into its own DNA

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17
Q

What is transduction

A

It uses a virus to transfer DNA from one bacterium to another using bacteriophages

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18
Q

What is conjugation

A

When bacteria is able to transfer its DNA into another bacteria by means of a pilus/exchange of DNA

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19
Q

What is a sexual reproduction

A

Binary fission/exact replica

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20
Q

What is sexual reproduction

A

Exchange of genetic material/conjugation

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21
Q

What kind of reproduction has the exact replica

A

Asexual reproduction

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22
Q

What kind of reproduction has exchange of genetic material

A

sexual

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23
Q

When do endospores form

A

They form when habitat conditions become harsh/little food

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24
Q

What is an endospore

A

An endospore is a spore that forms when the habitat conditions become harsh: survival mechanism of bacteria

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25
What are examples of harmful bacteria
Tuberculosis, pneumonia, strep throat…
26
Give examples of beneficial bacteria
Bacteria put the tang and yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread
27
What is distinct about protists and their cells
Protists are single celled except for slime mold which is multi celled
28
What is kingdom Protista known as because of the different kinds of organisms it holds
The junk drawer
29
Which kingdom is known as the junk drawer
Kingdom Protista
30
What are protozoansAnd how do they get energy
They are animal like single celled organisms and heterotrophic
31
What is algae and how does it get its energy
It is plant like single or multi celled organisms and is photo trophic
32
What is slime mold and where does it get its energy
It is funguslike and is saprophytic
33
What is the name of the organisms that are animallike single celled and get energy as heterotrophic
protozoans
34
What organisms is plant like single or multi celled and get energy as photo trophic
Algae
35
What organism is funguslike and gets energy as saprophytic
Slime mold
36
What are the four protozoan Phyla
Sacordinians Zoomastigina Ciliophorans Sporozoans
37
Sacordinians
Moves using pseudopods/false feet
38
Zoomastigina
Moves using flagella
39
Ciliophorans
Presence of hair like organelles called Cilia
40
Sporozoans
Non-motile and form spores
41
Which algae has diatoms
Golden brown algae
42
Which Algae has dinoflagellates
Fire algae
43
What is in golden brown algae
Diatoms
44
What is in fire algae
Dinoflagellates
45
What is the difference between acrasiomycota and myxomycota
Acrasiomycota is a multicellular group that forms due to lack of food. Myxomycota is multinucleate with one cell membrane
46
What is a multicellular group that forms due to lack of food
Acrasiomycota
47
What is multinucleate with one cell membrane
Myxomycota
48
Is the basic anatomy of a fungi
1. Cap 2. Gills 3. Stalk 4. Hyphae 5. Underground hyphae: mycelium
49
What is the definition of Hyphae
Long branching filamentous structure
50
What are the three ways fungi gain energy
1. Saprophytic 2. Parasitic 3. Symbiotic/ lichen
51
What is the difference between the three fungi phyla
1. Zygomycota: has two hyphaes join and shoot up 2. Basidiumycota: hyphaes form basidium with four spores on each 3. Ascomycota: formation of ascus non-motile spores formed
52
What are the three fungi phyla
1. Zygomycota 2. Basidiumycota 3. ascomycota
53
What’s the difference between an endospore and a fungal spore
An endospore is a bacteria that forms a hard shell because of the lack of food. A fungal spore is a means of reproduction
54
What is an endospore
An endospore is a bacteria that forms a hard shell because of the lack of food.
55
Why is a virus not a living organism
A virus is not a living organism because it needs hosts ribosome materials to reproduce. (Outside of host it is called a virion) it uses the raw materials of the host cell
56
What is a plasmid bacteria
Circular DNA
57
What Is circular DNA
Plasmid
58
How many cells does fungi have
It is multicellular except for yeast
59
Where examples/organisms found in each phyla for fungi
Z: bread mold, B: mushroom/yeast, A: yeast/sac fungus/Nuro Spond
60
The benefits of fungi
yeast
61
What Are the harmful aspects of fungi
Athletes foot/ringworm/potato blight

Biology (16 decks)

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