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Biology > Bacteria, viruses, Protists, fungi > Flashcards

Bacteria, viruses, Protists, fungi Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Anatomy of virus

A
  1. Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

2. Protein coat called capsid

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2
Q

Why do viruses invade cells

A

Viruses invade cells because they are in active outside of the host (virions), they lack ribosomes needed for metabolisms and they use the raw materials of the host cell to be able to reproduce

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3
Q

Lytic cycle summary

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Replication/ maturation
  4. Assembly
  5. Lysis and release
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4
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Integration
  4. Spontaneous induction
  5. Replication/ maturation
  6. Assembly
  7. Lysis and release
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5
Q

How are viruses beneficial to humans?

A

They are beneficial because of genetic engineering – harmless virus carries good genes into cells

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6
Q

What is the basic bacterial anatomy?

A

DNA region, ribosomes, cell wall, and plasmid

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7
Q

The classifications and shapes of bacteria

A

Bacillus: rod shaped, coccus: spherical shaped, Spirillium: spiral shaped, Spirochete: wormlike spiral shape

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8
Q

Groupings of bacteria

A

Diplo: groups of 2/paired, strepto: chains, staphylo: grape like clusters

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9
Q

What are the parts of gram-positive

A

Steam is purple (crystal violet), thicker peptidoglycan, exotoxin (is released when alive)

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10
Q

Are the parts of gram-negative

A

Stained pink (safarin), thin peptidoglycan, endotoxins (is released when dies)

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11
Q

What is the part of asexual

A

Binary fission

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12
Q

What is binary fission, asexual or sexual

A

Asexual

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13
Q

What are the different parts of sexual

A

Conjugation, transformation, transduction

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14
Q

What is conjugation, transformation, transduction part of, asexual or sexual

A

Sexual

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15
Q

What is binary fission

A

It involves the copying of the DNA and the splitting into two new cells

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16
Q

What is transformation

A

Bacteria picks up DNA from dead bacteria cells and incorporates it into its own DNA

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17
Q

What is transduction

A

It uses a virus to transfer DNA from one bacterium to another using bacteriophages

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18
Q

What is conjugation

A

When bacteria is able to transfer its DNA into another bacteria by means of a pilus/exchange of DNA

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19
Q

What is a sexual reproduction

A

Binary fission/exact replica

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20
Q

What is sexual reproduction

A

Exchange of genetic material/conjugation

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21
Q

What kind of reproduction has the exact replica

A

Asexual reproduction

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22
Q

What kind of reproduction has exchange of genetic material

A

sexual

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23
Q

When do endospores form

A

They form when habitat conditions become harsh/little food

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24
Q

What is an endospore

A

An endospore is a spore that forms when the habitat conditions become harsh: survival mechanism of bacteria

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25
Q

What are examples of harmful bacteria

A

Tuberculosis, pneumonia, strep throat…

26
Q

Give examples of beneficial bacteria

A

Bacteria put the tang and yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread

27
Q

What is distinct about protists and their cells

A

Protists are single celled except for slime mold which is multi celled

28
Q

What is kingdom Protista known as because of the different kinds of organisms it holds

A

The junk drawer

29
Q

Which kingdom is known as the junk drawer

A

Kingdom Protista

30
Q

What are protozoansAnd how do they get energy

A

They are animal like single celled organisms and heterotrophic

31
Q

What is algae and how does it get its energy

A

It is plant like single or multi celled organisms and is photo trophic

32
Q

What is slime mold and where does it get its energy

A

It is funguslike and is saprophytic

33
Q

What is the name of the organisms that are animallike single celled and get energy as heterotrophic

A

protozoans

34
Q

What organisms is plant like single or multi celled and get energy as photo trophic

A

Algae

35
Q

What organism is funguslike and gets energy as saprophytic

A

Slime mold

36
Q

What are the four protozoan Phyla

A

Sacordinians
Zoomastigina
Ciliophorans
Sporozoans

37
Q

Sacordinians

A

Moves using pseudopods/false feet

38
Q

Zoomastigina

A

Moves using flagella

39
Q

Ciliophorans

A

Presence of hair like organelles called Cilia

40
Q

Sporozoans

A

Non-motile and form spores

41
Q

Which algae has diatoms

A

Golden brown algae

42
Q

Which Algae has dinoflagellates

A

Fire algae

43
Q

What is in golden brown algae

A

Diatoms

44
Q

What is in fire algae

A

Dinoflagellates

45
Q

What is the difference between acrasiomycota and myxomycota

A

Acrasiomycota is a multicellular group that forms due to lack of food. Myxomycota is multinucleate with one cell membrane

46
Q

What is a multicellular group that forms due to lack of food

A

Acrasiomycota

47
Q

What is multinucleate with one cell membrane

A

Myxomycota

48
Q

Is the basic anatomy of a fungi

A
  1. Cap
  2. Gills
  3. Stalk
  4. Hyphae
  5. Underground hyphae: mycelium
49
Q

What is the definition of Hyphae

A

Long branching filamentous structure

50
Q

What are the three ways fungi gain energy

A
  1. Saprophytic
  2. Parasitic
  3. Symbiotic/ lichen
51
Q

What is the difference between the three fungi phyla

A
  1. Zygomycota: has two hyphaes join and shoot up 2. Basidiumycota: hyphaes form basidium with four spores on each
  2. Ascomycota: formation of ascus non-motile spores formed
52
Q

What are the three fungi phyla

A
  1. Zygomycota
  2. Basidiumycota
  3. ascomycota
53
Q

What’s the difference between an endospore and a fungal spore

A

An endospore is a bacteria that forms a hard shell because of the lack of food. A fungal spore is a means of reproduction

54
Q

What is an endospore

A

An endospore is a bacteria that forms a hard shell because of the lack of food.

55
Q

Why is a virus not a living organism

A

A virus is not a living organism because it needs hosts ribosome materials to reproduce. (Outside of host it is called a virion) it uses the raw materials of the host cell

56
Q

What is a plasmid bacteria

A

Circular DNA

57
Q

What Is circular DNA

A

Plasmid

58
Q

How many cells does fungi have

A

It is multicellular except for yeast

59
Q

Where examples/organisms found in each phyla for fungi

A

Z: bread mold,
B: mushroom/yeast,
A: yeast/sac fungus/Nuro Spond

60
Q

The benefits of fungi

A

yeast

61
Q

What Are the harmful aspects of fungi

A

Athletes foot/ringworm/potato blight

Biology (16 decks)

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