genetics 2 Flashcards
What happens when one nucleotide is substituted for another
Points gift mutation
What is a change in organisms dna
Mutation
What is the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in DNA sequence
Frame shift mutation
What happens when a piece of one chromosome moves to a. No homologous chromosome
Translocation
What happens when chromosomes do not line up with each other and one chromosome has two copies of a gene
Gene duplication
Do all mutations affect phenotype
No
What are agents in the environment that cause mutations
Mutagens
What do mutagens do
Speed up the rate of replication errors and break DNA strands
What is an example of a natural mutagen
Uv rays
What is an example of an unnatural mutagen
Industrial chemicals
What chromosomes determine sex
Sex chromosomes
What determines everything else besides your sex
Autosomes
What appears in more males than females
X linked recessive
True or false x linked recessive is passed from father to son
False
What happens to the affected males mutation in x linked recessive
All daughters carriers
How many sons will be affected by x recessive carrier females
1/2
What is the mutation line in x recessive
Grandpa
Carrier female
Grandson
The wife of a mutant in x recessive is …
Homozygous normal
Affected females will have …
All sons affected and all carrier daughters
In x dom who is more affected
Females
How often is x dom seen
Every generation
Describe x dom sons and daughters
Affected male will have all affected daughters but no affected sons
In auto dom how often is it
Every gen
