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diversity of life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the levels of the Linnaeus system

A 
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
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2
Q

what are the domains

A

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

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3
Q

what are the kingdoms of bacteria

A

eubacteria

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4
Q

what kind of organisms are eubacteria

A

prokaryotes

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5
Q

what does it mean to be prokaryotic

A

no membrane bound organelles

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6
Q

how do eubacteria reproduce

A

asexual with binary fission, fragmentation, budding, spores

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7
Q

where do eubacteria live

A

all habitats

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8
Q

what were the first life forms on earth

A

eubacteria

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9
Q

what is the eubacterias environmental niche

A

Nutrient Cycling – Nitrogen (N Fixing Bacteria)

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10
Q

what is the eubacterias economic use

A

Fermentation: Yogurt, Cheese
Biotechnology: Making Antibiotics

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11
Q

what is eubacteria pathology

A

Human Skin and Gut Flora (Commensal, Mutual)

Infectious Disease – Cholera, Syphilis, Anthrax, Leprosy, Bubonic Plague (“Black Death”), Tuberculosis

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12
Q

what is the kingdom of archaea

A

archebacteria

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13
Q

what kind of organisms are arche

A

prokaryotic

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14
Q

what is the difference between arche and eubacteria

A

some arche have cell walls, membranes, and organelles. they are not eukaryotic. arche do not use spores to repoduce

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15
Q

where are arche located

A

all habitats

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16
Q

how are arche and eubacteria somewhat similar

A

horizontal gene sharing

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17
Q

what is the environmental niche of arche

A

Nutrient Cycling – Carbon, Nitrogen

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18
Q

how are arche used economically

A

Sewage Treatment
Organic Solvent
Biotechnology

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19
Q

can arche cause pathogens or parasties

A

none that are known

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20
Q

what kind of organisms are in eukarya

A

eukaryotes

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21
Q

what does it mean to be eukaryotic

A

cells contain membrane bound organelles

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22
Q

do eukaryotes have to be multicellular

A

no, they can be unicellular

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23
Q

what does it mean to be colonial

A

living in groups

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24
Q

what does it mean to be solitary

A

living alone

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25
Q

what does it mean to be motile

A

movable

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26
Q

what does it mean to be sedentary

A

not moving

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27
Q

true or false. cell division equals binary fission

A

false

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28
Q

is eukarya the minority or majority of living organisms

A

minority

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29
Q

what are the kingdoms of eukarya

A

protista
fungi
plantae
animalia

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30
Q

what kingdom includes eukaryotic microorganisms that do not fit anywhere else

A

protista

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31
Q

protista can be unicellular and multicellular without …

A

tissues

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32
Q

how do protists live

A

solitary and colonial

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33
Q

where to protists live

A

anywhere in water

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34
Q

how do protists reproduce

A

sexual and asexual

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35
Q

what does it mean to be heterotrophic

A

depending on others for food

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36
Q

what does it mean to be autotrophic

A

depending on self for food

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37
Q

what trophic are protista

A

auto

hetero

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38
Q

what are examples of protist trophic

A

photosynthesis
predatory
parastite

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39
Q

why are protists important

A

vital producers of algae

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40
Q

how do protists move

A

sedentary
pseudo motion
flagella
cilia

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41
Q

why are protista bad

A

malaria

sleeping sickness

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42
Q

what kingdom includes shrooms

A

fungi

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43
Q

what kind of organisms are fungi

A

eukaryotic

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44
Q

what are examples of fungi

A

yeast
mold
shrooms

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45
Q

what are fungi more closely related to

A

animals

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46
Q

what is a defining characteristic of fungi

A

cell walls made of chitin

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47
Q

are fungi sedentary or motile

A

most of them are sedentary

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48
Q

what trophic are fungi

A

hetero

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49
Q

what do fungi cells lack

A

chloroplasts

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50
Q

who else lacks chloroplasts

A

animals

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51
Q

what do fungi share in common with plants

A

vacuoles

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52
Q

what do fungi organisms lack

A

transport systems

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53
Q

how do fungi make up for lack of transport systems

A

stay low to ground

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54
Q

what are similar to plant roots

A

rhizomorphs

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55
Q

how do fungi grow

A

Hyphae – Elongated, Tubular, Filamentous Structures

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56
Q

how do fungi reproduce

A

sex

asex

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57
Q

what is fungi environmental niche

A

Nutrient Cycling, Decomposition

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58
Q

what is fungi economic use

A

Food – Mushrooms, Truffles; Food Additive
Fermentation
Antibiotics
Detergents
Pesticides – Weeds, Plant Diseases, Pests

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59
Q

how are fungi used in religion

A

shrooms to get high in religious ceremonies also known as psychotrophic

60
Q

what are negative impacts of fungi

A

plants and animal pathogens

get high as fuck

61
Q

what is study of fungi

A

mycology

62
Q

what kingdom includes plants

A

plantae

63
Q

what are examples of plantae

A

Tree, Flowers, Fern, Bushes, Sedges, Grass, etc.

64
Q

what is the study of plants

A

botany

65
Q

what kind of organisms are plantae

A

eukaryotes

66
Q

what kind of movements are plants

A

sedentary

67
Q

what is a plant cell wall made of

A

cellulose

68
Q

what do plants use to make food

A

photosynthesis using light and co2

69
Q

what kind of trophic are most plants

A

auto

70
Q

can some plants be heterotrophic

A

yes

71
Q

what does it mean to be nonvasclar

A

no vascular system

72
Q

what does the vascular system contain

A

xylem

phloem

73
Q

how do non-vascular plants compromise

A

specialized water transported tissues

74
Q

what are examples of non vascular

A

Mosses, Liverworts, Some Algae

75
Q

what defines a vascular plant

A

has vascular system

76
Q

what are vascular plants primarily

A

photosynthetic

77
Q

what is xylem

A

water, inorganic transport

78
Q

what is plhoem

A

organic transport

79
Q

what are subgroups of vascular

A

seed and seedless

80
Q

how do seedless reproduce

A

spores

81
Q

what are examples of seedless

A

ferns

82
Q

how do seeds reproduce

A

produce seeds

83
Q

what are examples of seed

A

pine tree

marigold

84
Q

what are two subgroups of seed

A

gymnosperms

angiosperms

85
Q

what is gymnosperm

A

seed not enclosed in fruit

86
Q

example of gymno

A

pine tree

87
Q

what is angiosperm

A

seeds enclosed in fruit

88
Q

example of angio

A

flowering plant

89
Q

animalia are mostly

A

multicellular
motile
sexual

90
Q

how do animalia reproduce

A

sex

91
Q

what do animalia lack

A

cell walls

92
Q

what kind of trophic are animalia

A

hetero

93
Q

what are phylum of animalia

A 
Proifera 
Cnidaria 
Platyhelminthes 
Arthropoda 
Annelida 
Mollusca 
Chordata
94
Q

what are porifera

A

sponges that are sedentary aquatic organisms

95
Q

what do porifera lack

A

tissues organs

96
Q

porifera body

A

Nonliving Jelly-Like Mass Between 2 Layers of Cells

97
Q

how do porifera eat

A

filter feeders
carnivores on crustaceans
photosynthesis using bacteria

98
Q

how do porifera reproduce

A

sexual by releasing sperms and eggs

99
Q

what phylum includes corals and jellies

A

cnidaria

100
Q

what symmetry do cnidaria have

A

radial

101
Q

what kind of reproduction do cnid have

A

sex

102
Q

what is cnid body made of

A

Nonliving Jelly-Like Substance Between 2 Layers of Cells

103
Q

do cnid move and how

A

motile, neuromuscular cells

104
Q

what is a specialized stinging cell

A

cnidocyte

105
Q

what phylum includes flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

106
Q

what are examples of platy

A

Planarians, Flukes,

Tapeworms

107
Q

do platy have vertebrate

A

no

108
Q

do platy have segments

A

no

109
Q

what kind of symmetry do platy have

A

bilateral

110
Q

do platy have specialized circulatory respiratory organs and if not how do they cope

A

no, oxygen and nutrients through diffusion

111
Q

what kind of trophic are platy

A

hetero

112
Q

where do platy live

A

water

other organisms

113
Q

what are benefits of platy and negatives

A

snail control positive

tapeworms negative

114
Q

how do platy reproduce

A

sex

asex

115
Q

what phylum includes segmented worms

A

annelida

116
Q

where do annel live

A

water

117
Q

what trophic are annel

A

hetero

118
Q

what does each annel segemtn contain

A

same organ or paraphodia

119
Q

how do annel reproduce

A

sex
asex
hermaphrodite

120
Q

what are examples of annel

A

leeches

121
Q

annel environmental niche

A

aerate

enrich soil

122
Q

annel economic impact

A

agriculture

bait

123
Q

annel industry use

A

jaws used as models for cutting

124
Q

what phylum includes bugs and crusteceans

A

arthropod

125
Q

how are arthro unique

A

invertebrate
segmented
jointed limbs
exoskeleton

126
Q

what is athro circulatory system

A

hemolymph bathes blood over organs

127
Q

what is arthro nervous system

A

ladder like 2 ventral nerve cords

128
Q

how do arthro reproduce

A

sex

129
Q

what are subgroups of arthro

A

chelicerata
crustacea
tracheata

130
Q

examples of chelicerata

A

arachnids

131
Q

examples of crustacea

A

sea food (shrimp, lobsters, crabs)

132
Q

examples of tracheata

A

insects and centipedes

133
Q

what is largest marine phylum

A

mollusca

134
Q

what are examples of mollusca

A

snails, slugs, clams

135
Q

what are subgroups of mollusca

A

gastropoda
cephlapoda
bivalva

136
Q

examples of gastropoda

A

snails

137
Q

examples of cephalapod

A

squid octopus

138
Q

examples of bivalva

A

clams, oister, mussles

139
Q

mollusca economic

A

pearls, sea silk, purple dye

140
Q

where do mollusca live

A

marine

141
Q

what is trocophore larvae

A

planktonic

142
Q

what phylum includes vertebrates

A

chordata

143
Q

what defines chordates

A

Notochord: Flexible Rod in Embryo (Vertebra)
Dorsal Nerve Chord: Hollow Tube (Spinal Chord)
Pharyngeal Slits: Slit Around Neck in Embryo
Endostyle: Ciliated Groove, Pharynx, Produced Mucus
Post-Anal Tail

144
Q

what are subgroups of chordata

A

unchordata
cephalchordata
vertebrata

145
Q

unchordata examples

A

sea tulips

146
Q

cephalachordata examples

A

lancelets

147
Q

vertebrata examples

A

humasn

Biology (9 decks)

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