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Biology > DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

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2
Q

Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?

A

NUCLEUS

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3
Q

What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA

A

NUCLEOTIDES

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4
Q

Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide

A

phosphate group
deoxyribose sugar
nitrogenous base

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5
Q

Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA (not abbreviations).

A

ADENINE, GUANINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE

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6
Q

The model of DNA is known as a

A

DOUBLE HELIX

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7
Q

Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.

A

A- T

C- G

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8
Q

How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?

A

THEY ARE COMPLIMENTARY

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9
Q

Describe the steps that occur in DNA replication

A

DNA IS UNZIPPED BY HELICASE  NEW COMPLIMETARY STRAND IS FORMED (POLYMERASE)  STRANDS ZIP BACK UP  RESULTS IN 2 NEW DAUGHTER CELLS (EACH W/ AN OLD STRAND W A NEW)

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10
Q

If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A – G – G – C – T – A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA?

A

T- C- C- G – A - T

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11
Q

Is DNA replicated (copied) before or after cell division?

A

BEFORE

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12
Q

What is a mutation?

A

CHANGE IN GENETIC SEQUENCE

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13
Q

Are all mutations harmful?

A

NO

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14
Q

Name several things that can cause DNA mutations.

A

SHIFT IN BASE PAIR (POINT MUTATION), EXPSURE TO SUN, TOXINS

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15
Q

What sugar is found on RNA?

A

RIBOSE

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16
Q

What base is missing on RNA, & what other base replaces it?

A

THYMINE

URACIL

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17
Q

Is RNA double or single stranded?

A

SINGLE

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18
Q

Name the 3 types of RNA.

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

19
Q

Why is an RNA copy of DNA made?

A

for the ‘code’ of protein necessary for the cell

20
Q

What does tRNA transport?

A

Amino Acids

21
Q

What is transcription?

A

Process of DNA to mRNA

22
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

in the nucleus

23
Q

Briefly describe the steps of transcription

A

helicase unzips strand, RNA polymerase moves down DNA and complimentary base pairing making a mRNA strand, DNA zips back together

24
Q

In what part of a cell are proteins made?

A

cytoplasm

25
Q

Are both strands of DNA copied during transcription?

A

No, just one

26
Q

What bases pair with each other during transcription?

A

A – U

C - G

27
Q

What happens to the newly made mRNA molecule following transcription in the nucleus?

A

It goes into the cytoplasm

28
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

29
Q

How many different kinds of amino acids make up proteins?

A

20

30
Q

What is a codon & what does each codon code for?

A

A trio of nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid

31
Q

How many codons exist?

A

64

32
Q

What is translation? Where does it occur?

A

Process of decoding the mRNA to a protein

in ribosomes

33
Q

what are the steps of translation

A

mRNA moves through ribosome, every three letters codes for one amino acid, tRNA with amino acid on top and anticodon on bottom coordinate with triplet codon, amino acids form a polypeptide chain, chain then folds back on itself

34
Q

How can an amino acid be specified by more than one codon?

A

There are 64 codons and only 20 AA’s

35
Q

A segment of a chromosome that codes for a particular protein is called a

A

GENE

36
Q

For what does all DNA code?

A

PROTEINS

37
Q

Who discovered nuclein in used bandages

A

Fried rich Miescher

38
Q

Who discovered nucleotide structure

A

Phoebus Levine

39
Q

Who discovered DNA has a regular structure using X-ray diffraction

A

William sat bury

40
Q

Who discovered DNA carries genetic information using bacteria to kill mice

A

Frederick Griffith

41
Q

Who confirmed DNA carried genetic info using viruses and bacteria markers

A

Hershey and chase

42
Q

Who discovered photo 51 and double helix model using X-ray diffraction

A

Rosalind Franklin and Ryan gosling

43
Q

Who built the double helix model based on photo 51

A

Watson and crick

Biology (9 decks)

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