DNA, RNA, and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?
NUCLEUS
What are the repeating subunits called that make up DNA
NUCLEOTIDES
Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide
phosphate group
deoxyribose sugar
nitrogenous base
Name the 4 nitrogen bases on DNA (not abbreviations).
ADENINE, GUANINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE
The model of DNA is known as a
DOUBLE HELIX
Name the complementary base pairs on DNA.
A- T
C- G
How does the nucleotide sequence in one chain of DNA compare with the other chain of DNA?
THEY ARE COMPLIMENTARY
Describe the steps that occur in DNA replication
DNA IS UNZIPPED BY HELICASE NEW COMPLIMETARY STRAND IS FORMED (POLYMERASE) STRANDS ZIP BACK UP RESULTS IN 2 NEW DAUGHTER CELLS (EACH W/ AN OLD STRAND W A NEW)
If the sequence of nucleotides on the original DNA strand was A – G – G – C – T – A, what would be the nucleotide sequence on the complementary strand of DNA?
T- C- C- G – A - T
Is DNA replicated (copied) before or after cell division?
BEFORE
What is a mutation?
CHANGE IN GENETIC SEQUENCE
Are all mutations harmful?
NO
Name several things that can cause DNA mutations.
SHIFT IN BASE PAIR (POINT MUTATION), EXPSURE TO SUN, TOXINS
What sugar is found on RNA?
RIBOSE
What base is missing on RNA, & what other base replaces it?
THYMINE
URACIL
Is RNA double or single stranded?
SINGLE
Name the 3 types of RNA.
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
Why is an RNA copy of DNA made?
for the ‘code’ of protein necessary for the cell
What does tRNA transport?
Amino Acids
What is transcription?
Process of DNA to mRNA
Where does transcription occur?
in the nucleus
Briefly describe the steps of transcription
helicase unzips strand, RNA polymerase moves down DNA and complimentary base pairing making a mRNA strand, DNA zips back together
In what part of a cell are proteins made?
cytoplasm
