DNA and RNA Flashcards
who discovered DNA in 1869
Friedrich Miescher
how did Firedrich Miescher discover DNA
used bloody bandage, removed lipids and other stuff, remaining grey stuff was DNA
who confirmed the helical structure of DNA first
Rosalind Franklin
who used Rosalind Franklin’s picture to make the first model of DNA
Watson and Crick
what is the shape of DNA
double helix
what can a double helix be compared to
twisty ladder
what is the structure of DNA
polymer
what is a polymer
long repeating chain if many units
what are the single units of a polymer called
monomer
what is the monomer of DNA
nucelotides
what are the parts of a nucelotide
phosphate group, deoxiribose sugar, nitrogenous base
what makes up the backbone
phosphate group and deoxirobose sugar
what do covalent bonds hold together
sugar and phosphates of 2 nucelotides
what holds the nitrogenous bases together
hyrdogen bonding
how many hydrogen bonds are there in guanine and cytosine
3
how many hydrogen bonds are there in adenine and thymine
2
what are the nitrogenous bases
adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine
whats the difference between purines and pyrimidines
purines have double rings while other have single rings
what are the purines
adenine
guanine
what are the pyrimidines
thymine
cytosine
when does cell replication take place
before a cell divides
what unzips the hydrogen bonds of the double helix
helicase
true or false DNA is parallel
false
what holds the unzipped strands in place
binding proteins
what adds new nucleotides on the leading strand
DNA polymerase
what strand is the leading strand
5 - 3 prime
you can only add nucleotides on the … end
3 prime
