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evolution Flashcards

1
Q

which scientist reconstructed appearances from fossils

A

Georges Cuvier

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2
Q

what did Cuvier notice

A

past organisms are different from present
deeper you go more different
some organisms dissappear completely

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3
Q

what did Cuvier come up with

A

catastophoism

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4
Q

which scientist was similar to Cuvier

A

Charles Lyell

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5
Q

what did Lyell think

A

catastrophes that caused extinction still and always work

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6
Q

which scientist thought that organisms change over time

A

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

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7
Q

what did Lamarck think

A

changes you acquire during life are passed down to offspring

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8
Q

who proposed natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

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9
Q

what did Darwin think

A

descent with modification
species reproduce
species change over time

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10
Q

what is overproduction

A

more than dead can survive

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11
Q

what is genetic variation

A

difference in traits

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12
Q

what is struggle for survival

A

competition for resources and mates

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13
Q

what is adpation

A

trait making an organism successful to survive or fitness

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14
Q

what is evidence for evolution

A

fossils

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15
Q

what is biogeography

A

looking at similar species located in different places

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16
Q

what do you look at in anatomy and embryology

A

you look at how embryos are similar but change in adulthood

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17
Q

what do you look at in biological molecules

A

DNA

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18
Q

what are the four rock principals

A

superposition
horizontal
crosscutting relationships
lateral continuity

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19
Q

what is the law of superposition

A

youngest sediment on top oldest on bottom

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20
Q

what is original horizontal

A

sediments deposited in horizontal

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21
Q

what is crosscutting relationships

A

layer of rock must exist to be broken

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22
Q

what is lateral continuity

A

sediments deposited in latte rally in all directions

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23
Q

what was used in the age of fossils

A

superposition

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24
Q

which scientist used superposition and looked at fossils

A

Nicholas Steno

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25
what did Steno think
rock strata is undisturbed | oldest layers on bottom
26
what is relative age
x is older than y
27
what is absolute age
x is ... years old
28
the distribution of fossils is determined by ...
location in strata
29
different organisms lived at ...
different times
30
present day organisms are ...
different from the past
31
fossils in adjacent layers lived in ...
similar time periods
32
organisms living in same period ...
similar to each other
33
what is the missing link between one species to another
transitional species
34
evolution changes ...
gradually
35
what is the study of organisms throughout the world
bio geography
36
what are analogous structures
similar in function with different evolutionary organisms
37
what is an example of analogous
bat wings and bird wings
38
what are homologous structures
different in function with same evolutionary origin
39
what is an example of homologous
human hands and bat wings
40
what are vestigial structures
2 organisms with same structures but one uses it and one doesnt
41
what is an example vestigial
appendix
42
in embryology related species show ...
similarities in embryological development
43
what are the 4 evolutionary paths
convergent divergent adaptive radiation coevolution
44
what is convergent evolution
organism is not closely related but in similar environments and look alike
45
what is an example of convergent evolution
bird and bat wings
46
what divergent evolution
different environment pressures of related organisms cause different changes over time
47
what is an example of divergent
human arms and bat wings
48
what is adaptive radiation
divergent evolution of a single group of organisms in a new enviroment
49
what is artificial selection
humans choosing humans, humans breeding dogs, hunting
50
what do humans do in coevolution
pick certain traits and encourage them
51
what is coevolution
species evolve adaptations to each others influence
52
what is an example of co-evolution
flowering plants and specific pollinator
53
what is the science of naming, describing, and classifying organisms
taxonomy
54
what is a particular group
taxon
55
who developed the linnaean system
Carolus Linnaeus
56
how many levels are in the system
8
57
what is the name of a scientific name
binomial nomenclature
58
what is a scientific name made of
genus and species
59
what are the levels of the system
``` domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```
60
the higher the level the ...
more items in it
61
what is the system of classifying organisms according to their natural relationships
systematics
62
what do you look at in systematics
homologous features and embryonic development
63
what is phylogeny
evolutionary history or ancestral relationships among taxa
64
what is a phylogenetic diagram
tree like diagram depicting relationships between taxa
65
who developed cladistics
Willi Hennig
66
what is cladistics
phylogenetics analysis using shared and derived characteristics
67
what is a shared character
feature all members of a group
68
what is a derived character
character unique to a particular group or organism
69
what is clade
ancestor + descendants
70
what is a cladogram
relationships between ancestors and descendants between groups

Biology (9 decks)

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