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Biology Definitions > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is adult cell cloning?

A

Replacing nucleus in unfertilised egg cell with adult cell nucleus

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2
Q

What is an allele?

A

Alternative form of a gene

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3
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Where organisms replicate identically by mitosis (cell division)

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4
Q

What is a carrier in genetics?

A

Person has allele for disorder but not the symptoms

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5
Q

What is a clone?

A

Organism genetically identical to another organism

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6
Q

What does cloning refer to?

A

Making a genetically identical copy of another organism

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7
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Inherited disorder carried by recessive allele, damages cell membranes

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Takes precedence in deciding a characteristic

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10
Q

What is a family tree used for?

A

To show inheritance of characteristics

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11
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Process of cutting out a useful gene from one organism’s chromosome and inserting it into another organism’s chromosome

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12
Q

What is a genetic variant?

A

Mutated gene

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13
Q

What is a genetically modified (GM) crop?

A

Crop with genes modified through genetic engineering

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14
Q

What does the genome refer to?

A

All genetic material in an organism

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15
Q

What is a genotype?

A

Specific alleles

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

Two different alleles for a gene

17
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Two identical alleles for a gene

18
Q

What is an inherited disorder?

A

Faulty allele passing on bad characteristic to offspring

19
Q

What is a mutation?

A

Random change in an organism’s DNA, genetic structure

20
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

Characteristics such as eye colour

21
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Inherited disorder carried by dominant allele, causes extra finger or toe

22
Q

What is the requirement for a recessive allele to be evident?

A

Two same genes needed for characteristic to be evident

23
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

23rd pair of chromosomes, decides if male or female

24
Q

What is a single gene cross?

A

One characteristic controlled by single gene from each parent

25
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

Embryo given same genetic information as parent

26
Q

What is a vector in genetics?

A

Carrier of DNA into a cell such as a virus or bacterial plasmid

Biology Definitions (10 decks)

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