Evolution Flashcards
Archaea
Classification domain containing primitive bacteria.
Bacteria (three-domain system)
Domain in classification system that includes true bacteria, e.g. staphylococcus, E coli.
Binomial system
Two-part Latin name used in classification system.
Classification (of organisms)
A way of organising all the different plants, animals and other living things.
Embryo transfer (cloning)
Method of copying animals, embryo created and then split before cells become specialised, transferred into uteruses of host mothers.
Embryonic screening
Genetic analysis of cell or cells to check for inherited disorders in embryo.
Evolution (of a species)
Gradual change in a species over time.
Evolutionary relationship
How organisms are related to other organisms through evolution.
Fertilisation
Fusion of male and female gametes during sexual reproduction.
Fertility
Ability to conceive a child.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Hormone produced by pituitary gland, involved in menstrual cycle, causes eggs to mature in ovaries, stimulates ovaries to produce oestrogen.
Gonorrhoea
Sexually transmitted disease, bacteria.
Inbreeding
Reproduction between related animals or plants.
Meiosis
Cell division for sexual reproduction, making four genetically different gametes.
Menstrual cycle
Monthly sequence of events, female body releases an egg and prepares the uterus in case it receives a fertilised egg.
Mitosis
Cell division for growth, makes two identical cells by splitting.
Natural selection
Process by which species evolve.
Nucleotide
Repeating unit in DNA and RNA, made of sugar, phosphate and base.
Oral contraceptive
Hormone-containing pill taken by mouth in order to reduce fertility, decreases chance of pregnancy.
Selective breeding
Artificially taking organisms with desired genetic characteristics for mating and production.
Sexual reproduction
Type of reproduction, fusion of male and female gametes from two parents, offspring genetically different to parents.
Speciation
Development of a new species in classification system.
Species
Group in classification system, able to reproduce and make fertile offspring.
Three domain system
New classification system using gene sequences, latest RNA methods.
Uterus
Main female reproductive organ, where embryo develops during pregnancy, also called Womb.
Variation
Differences that exist between individuals.
