Cells

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

movement of particles against a concentration gradient, requires energy

Question 2

Bacterium

Answer 2

single celled microorganism

Question 3

Binary fission

Answer 3

simple cell division in prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Cell cycle

Answer 4

growth and division stages of cells

Question 5

Cell elongation

Answer 5

the enlargement of a cell, plant cells grow by cell elongation

Question 6

Cell membrane

Answer 6

thin surface which surrounds a cell

Question 7

Cell wall

Answer 7

structure around some plant cells that provides support

Question 8

Cellulose

Answer 8

plant molecule that strengthens cell walls, also algae

Question 9

Chlorophyll

Answer 9

green substance in chloroplasts, absorbs light for photosynthesis

Question 10

Chloroplast

Answer 10

structure in plant and algae cells for photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll

Question 11

Chromosome

Answer 11

a long length of coiled up DNA, which carries genes

Question 12

Culture

Answer 12

population of one type of microorganism, grown under controlled conditions

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

gel-like substance in cell where most chemical reactions take place

Question 14

Differentiation

Answer 14

specialisation process in cells

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

moving out of particles from area of high concentration to one of low

Question 16

Electron microscope

Answer 16

device to create images of small things by use of electron particles, not light

Question 17

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 17

complex cell, such as plant or animal

Question 18

Exchange surface

Answer 18

thin surface with holes, allows smaller particles to pass through

Question 19

Fungus

Answer 19

unicellular microorganism such as fungus, yeast and moulds, useful decomposers, can cause harm to other organisms

Question 20

Gamete

Answer 20

sex cell, e.g. an egg cell or a sperm cell in animals

Question 21

Gene

Answer 21

short section of DNA, found on a chromosome, controls the development of a characteristic

Question 22

Guard cell

Answer 22

cell in pairs that open and close stoma (hole) in plant leaves

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

structure in cells, site of aerobic respiration

Question 24

Multicellular organism

Answer 24

made of more than one cell

Question 25

Nucleus (of a cell)

Answer 25

structure in a body cell, contains genetic material information in form of chromosomes

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane

Question 27

Partially permeable membrane

Answer 27

thin surface with holes, allows smaller particles to pass through

Question 28

Permanent vacuole

Answer 28

structure in plant cells, contains nutrients and wastes in water solution

Question 29

Phloem

Answer 29

plant tissue ‘tubes’, transport dissolved sugars

Question 30

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 30

small, simple cell such as bacterium

Question 31

Resolution

Answer 31

ability of microscope to distinguish two objects

Question 32

Ribosome

Answer 32

structure where proteins are made

Question 33

Root hair cell

Answer 33

long narrow cell on end of plant roots, absorbs water and minerals

Question 34

Specialised cell

Answer 34

performs one job

Question 35

Stem cell

Answer 35

undifferentiated cell, unspecialised, able to change and specialise

Question 36

White blood cell

Answer 36

part of the immune system, helps defend the body against infection, many sub-types

Question 37

Xylem

Answer 37

plant tissue ‘tubes’, transporting water and minerals upwards