Genetic Test Flashcards
Genome
All the DNA in one cell of an organism
Inbreeding
Involves crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics
Hybridization
Breeders cross to genetically different individuals in hopes of getting best traits
Clone
Dolly the sheep
Organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced
Genetic engineering
Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another
Gene therapy
Inserts copies of a gene directly into a person’s cell
Human genome project
Identifies the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome
Proteins are made up of (Amino acids, ribosomes)
Amino acids
In DNA,(cytosine,thymine) always forms hydrogen bonds with guanine
Cytosine
The message of DNA code is info for building (hydrogen bonds, proteins)
Proteins
(Deoxyribose, ribose) is the sugar molecule found in RNA
Ribose
The genetic info in the DNA is transcribed to the (mRNA, tRNA) strand
mRNA
(tRNA, mRNA) carry specific amino acids to the ribose
tRNA
Adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil are nitrogen bases found in (DNA, RNA)
RNA
Any change in a gene or chromosome is called a (typo, mutation)
Mutation
Codominant alleles
Both alleles show equally
Incomplete dominance
When neither allele of the parents is completely dominant, offspring shows mixed dominance
Multiple alleles
Having more than 2 alleles for a genetic trait
Sex chromosomes
23rd pair of chromosomes in humans
Sex-linked traits
Traits controlled by genes located on the sex chromosome
Polygenic inheritance
Inheritance patterns of a trait that is controlled by 2 or more genes
Autosomes
First 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes
Sugar in RNA
Ribose
Copies coded message from DNA and carries message to ribosome in the cytoplasm
mRNA
tRNA
Carries amino acids to the ribosomes and adds them to growing proteins
RNA
Ribonucleic acid- genetic “messenger” which carries message to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Mutation
Any change in a gene or chromosome
Pedigree
Diagram or family tree of genetic inheritance used by geneticists to map genetic traits
Karyotype
Photo of a persons chromosome arranged in pair and can reveal whether a person has the correct number of chromosomes
Why do some traits exhibit a large number phenotypes
Because you have a ton of genes that code for each trade
What does mRNA and tRNA stand for
Messenger RNA
transfer RNA
Give an example of selective breeding
Fast horse+fast horse
How are genetic disorders diagnosed
Pedigree
Karyotype
Selective breeding
Process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of next-generation
