Genes In Populations

Question 1

Population genetics

Answer 1

Study of variation in allele and gene frequencies in populations

Question 2

Gene pool

Answer 2

All of the alleles at every locus in a population

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring

Question 4

Polymorphic

Answer 4

Occurring in several different forms, in particular w/ reference to species or genetic variation; more than one allele

Question 5

Monomorphic

Answer 5

Having or existing in only one form; only one allele

Question 6

Allele frequency

Answer 6

The proportion of a specific allele in a gene pool

Question 7

Genotype frequency

Answer 7

The proposition of individuals in a population w/ a specific genotype

Question 8

Random mating

Answer 8

Mating w/ no regard to the genotype or phenotype of a mate, so that any sperm had an equal chance of fertilizing any egg

Question 9

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 9

State of a population in which frequencies of alleles and genotypes remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work (I.e random mating and no evolution); p+q=1 and p^2+2pq+q^2=1

Describes the expected genetic makeup for a population that is not evolving at a particular locus

Question 10

Null model

Answer 10

A model that gives expected outcomes if the thing you are interested in doesn’t happen; Ex: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium serves as an evolutionary null model

Question 11

When are the conditions of HWE not met?

Answer 11

When the population is evolving or mating non randomly.

Question 12

What are the four processes of evolution?

Answer 12

Selection, mutation, drift, migration

Question 13

How many different gametes will be produced by an individual w/ the following genotype: AaBBCcDdee?

Answer 13

8

Question 14

Individual organisms evolve. T or F?

Answer 14

False; populations evolve

Question 15

Change in allele frequency over generations

Answer 15

Evolution at the scale of a population

Question 16

In a gene pool, there are 20 B alleles and 80 b alleles. What is the b allele frequency?

Answer 16

80/100=0.8

Question 17

p and q

Answer 17

Represent the frequencies of two alleles at a locus; p+q=1; p is dominant allele and q is recessive allele

Question 18

At a locus w/ two alleles, p = 0.65. What is q?

Answer 18

1.00 - 0.65 = 0.35

Question 19

What do genotypes frequencies and alleles frequencies have to add up to?

Answer 19

1

Question 20

In a population of 320 red flowers, 20 white flowers, and 160 pink flowers, how many cW alleles are there?

Answer 20

2 x 20 = 40

160 + 40 = 200

Question 21

In a population of 320 red flowers, 20 white flowers, and 160 pink flowers, what is the cw allele frequency?

Answer 21

(320 + 20 + 160) x 2 = 1000

200/1000 = 0.2

Question 22

In a gene pool w/ the alleles A and a, where A allele frequency is 0.2, what is the expected frequency of AA genotypes (assuming random mating)?

Answer 22

0.2^2 = 0.04

Question 23

How many people are carriers of PKU alleles? PKU is a recessive disorder and it occurs in about 1 out of every 1000 babies born in the US.

Answer 23

q^2 = 0.0001
q = 0.01

p = 1- 0.01 = 0.99

frequency of carriers = 2 x 0.99 x 0.01 = 0.0198

Approx. 2% of the US population carry PKU alleles