Generals on Opiods Flashcards

1
Q

Endogenous Opioid. Precursor: POMC (as is ACTH). Found in hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and ant. pituitary. (Runner’s high).
Acuts on mu, delta

A

B endorphin

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2
Q

B endorphin is endogenous opoid with precursor

A

POMC

to the MD

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3
Q

B endorphin acts on which receptors

A

mu and delta

BMD) from the POMC (it’s precursor

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4
Q

B endorphins are found in:

A

Found in hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and ant. pituitary

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5
Q

Endogenous Opioid Dynorphin precursor

A

Prodynorphin.

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6
Q

Co-localizes with ADH in magnocellular cells of hypothalamus and post. pituitary.

A

Dynorphin

aDh—Dynorphin

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7
Q

Dynorphin colocalizes with :

A

ADH in magnocells

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8
Q

Dynorphin binds to

A

kappa

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9
Q

Endogenous Opioid Precursor of Enkephalin

A

Prokephalin.

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10
Q

Where is Enkephalin distributed?

A

Widely distrubuted in interneurons.

delta

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11
Q

Somatic pain. Sharp, localized pain. Terminate in lamina 1 and use glutamate.

A

A-Delta fibers

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12
Q

Visceral or neuropathic pain. Dull, diffuse, aching or burning pain. Terminate in lamina 2 and use glutamate AND substance P.

A

C delta fibers

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13
Q

Descending pain path Originate in _______

A

periaqueductal gray.

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14
Q

Descentind pain path Descend in

A

dorsolateral funiculus.

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15
Q

Point of descending pain path

A

Release NE, 5-HT, and Enkephalin to inhibit the ascending pathways

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16
Q

General on opiod receptors

A

All G-protein coupled -> Gi -> inhibit adenylate cyclase -> decrease cAMP. Inhibit neurotransmitter release

17
Q

Pleasure in limbic.
Endogenous ligands: enkephalins, B-endorphins.
Drugs: morphine, fentanyl, methadone, meperidine, buprehorphine, others

A

Mu receptor

18
Q

Mr receptor has endogenous ligans

A

enkephalins, b-endorpins

19
Q

Pleasure in limbic.
Endogenous ligands: enkephalins, B-endorphins.
NO drugs.

A

Delta R

20
Q

Dysphoria in limbic. Endogenous ligands: dynorphins. Drugs: butorphanol, pentazocine, nalbuphine

A

Kappa Receptors

dysphoria–kappa–dynorphin

21
Q

Kappa preceptors cause:

A

dysphoria in limibc system(dynorphin–kappa–dysphoria)

22
Q

Endogenous ligands for Kappa R

A

dynorphins

23
Q

Drugs that produce a stuporous sleeplike stage and may or may not be analgesic

A

Narcotics

24
Q

Opiates

A

Drugs that are derived from opium or have a morphinelike pharmacological profile

25
Q

Refers to all opiates, agonist-antagonist, and endogenous peptides. Cause: analgesia, constipation, euphoria, sedation, resp. depression.

A

Opiods

26
Q

Physical dependence is strong on opioids. Thus, ONLY type of chronic pain treated w/ opioids is cancer.

A

Opiod physical dependence

27
Q

Duration of action related to both l

A

lipophilicity and elimination rate

28
Q
Effect of opioids:
Antidiarrheal effect and constipation
a.	Effects are both 
b.	Delay in gastric emptying, spasmodic increases in intestinal tone and decrease in propulsive movements.
c.\_\_\_\_receptors on GI nerves.
A

central and peripheral

μ-

29
Q

Opiods cause both: Euphoria – Rush and high and -___

A

sedation

30
Q

Most serious side effect of opioid analgesics.

A

Respiratory depression

31
Q

Mech of respiratory depression in opiod:

A

Decrease in the sensitivity of chemoreceptors in the brainstem to carbon dioxide.

32
Q

What other drugs do we need to be aware of when using opiods as far as respiratory depression is concerened?

A

Effect is at least additive with other CNS- depressing drugs.

33
Q

Opioids cause Nausea

- stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone in

A

area postrema

34
Q

Endocrine effects

decrease in

A

a. Decreased release of LH - μ receptor.

35
Q

______secretion is increased by μ stimulation and decreased by Kappa stimulation.

A

ADH

36
Q

Some drugs, such as morphine and naloxone undergo

A

extensive first-pass metabolism.

37
Q

onset of action is related to

A

lipophlilicty