Generals on Opiods

Question 1

Endogenous Opioid. Precursor: POMC (as is ACTH). Found in hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and ant. pituitary. (Runner’s high).
Acuts on mu, delta

Answer 1

B endorphin

Question 2

B endorphin is endogenous opoid with precursor

Answer 2

POMC

to the MD

Question 3

B endorphin acts on which receptors

Answer 3

mu and delta

BMD) from the POMC (it’s precursor

Question 4

B endorphins are found in:

Answer 4

Found in hypothalamus, nucleus tractus solitarius, and ant. pituitary

Question 5

Endogenous Opioid Dynorphin precursor

Answer 5

Prodynorphin.

Question 6

Co-localizes with ADH in magnocellular cells of hypothalamus and post. pituitary.

Answer 6

Dynorphin

aDh—Dynorphin

Question 7

Dynorphin colocalizes with :

Answer 7

ADH in magnocells

Question 8

Dynorphin binds to

Answer 8

kappa

Question 9

Endogenous Opioid Precursor of Enkephalin

Answer 9

Prokephalin.

Question 10

Where is Enkephalin distributed?

Answer 10

Widely distrubuted in interneurons.

delta

Question 11

Somatic pain. Sharp, localized pain. Terminate in lamina 1 and use glutamate.

Answer 11

A-Delta fibers

Question 12

Visceral or neuropathic pain. Dull, diffuse, aching or burning pain. Terminate in lamina 2 and use glutamate AND substance P.

Answer 12

C delta fibers

Question 13

Descending pain path Originate in _______

Answer 13

periaqueductal gray.

Question 14

Descentind pain path Descend in

Answer 14

dorsolateral funiculus.

Question 15

Point of descending pain path

Answer 15

Release NE, 5-HT, and Enkephalin to inhibit the ascending pathways

Question 16

General on opiod receptors

Answer 16

All G-protein coupled -> Gi -> inhibit adenylate cyclase -> decrease cAMP. Inhibit neurotransmitter release

Question 17

Pleasure in limbic.
Endogenous ligands: enkephalins, B-endorphins.
Drugs: morphine, fentanyl, methadone, meperidine, buprehorphine, others

Answer 17

Mu receptor

Question 18

Mr receptor has endogenous ligans

Answer 18

enkephalins, b-endorpins

Question 19

Pleasure in limbic.
Endogenous ligands: enkephalins, B-endorphins.
NO drugs.

Answer 19

Delta R

Question 20

Dysphoria in limbic. Endogenous ligands: dynorphins. Drugs: butorphanol, pentazocine, nalbuphine

Answer 20

Kappa Receptors

dysphoria–kappa–dynorphin

Question 21

Kappa preceptors cause:

Answer 21

dysphoria in limibc system(dynorphin–kappa–dysphoria)

Question 22

Endogenous ligands for Kappa R

Answer 22

dynorphins

Question 23

Drugs that produce a stuporous sleeplike stage and may or may not be analgesic

Answer 23

Narcotics

Question 24

Opiates

Answer 24

Drugs that are derived from opium or have a morphinelike pharmacological profile

Question 25

Refers to all opiates, agonist-antagonist, and endogenous peptides. Cause: analgesia, constipation, euphoria, sedation, resp. depression.

Answer 25

Opiods

Question 26

Physical dependence is strong on opioids. Thus, ONLY type of chronic pain treated w/ opioids is cancer.

Answer 26

Opiod physical dependence

Question 27

Duration of action related to both l

Answer 27

lipophilicity and elimination rate

Question 28

``` Effect of opioids: Antidiarrheal effect and constipation a. Effects are both b. Delay in gastric emptying, spasmodic increases in intestinal tone and decrease in propulsive movements. c.____receptors on GI nerves. ```

Answer 28

central and peripheral | μ-

Question 29

Opiods cause both: Euphoria – Rush and high and -___

Answer 29

sedation

Question 30

Most serious side effect of opioid analgesics.

Answer 30

Respiratory depression

Question 31

Mech of respiratory depression in opiod:

Answer 31

Decrease in the sensitivity of chemoreceptors in the brainstem to carbon dioxide.

Question 32

What other drugs do we need to be aware of when using opiods as far as respiratory depression is concerened?

Answer 32

Effect is at least additive with other CNS- depressing drugs.

Question 33

Opioids cause Nausea | - stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone in

Answer 33

area postrema

Question 34

Endocrine effects | decrease in

Answer 34

a. Decreased release of LH - μ receptor.

Question 35

______secretion is increased by μ stimulation and decreased by Kappa stimulation.

Answer 35

ADH

Question 36

Some drugs, such as morphine and naloxone undergo

Answer 36

extensive first-pass metabolism.

Question 37

onset of action is related to

Answer 37

lipophlilicty