General Toxicology treatment Flashcards
When is treatment with a specific antidote recommended?
Only when you have a definitive diagnosis
What should be addressed first in an acute poisoning case?
Control life threatening conditions first - then prn for specific toxicant if a diagnosis is made
What drug can be used to reverse the effects of a neuromuscular blocking toxicant?
Neostigmine
What can owners used as home to induce emesis?
3% hydrogen peroxide: 1-2 ml/kg PO
the patient needs to be BAR and not have active CNS signs - want to prevent aspiration pneumonia in sedate patients
*animals should get to veterinarian asap
________ toxicants will be easily absorbed dermally
Lipophiliic
In the case of a topical exposure, what is something owners can initiate at home to start detoxification?
bathe with water and shampoo very well
owners should be advised to wear gloves
*animals should be in a low stress environment
What products can owners use at home as emuslants and GI protectants if they are warranted?
milk, egg whites, or activated charcoal tablets
What are the 4 basic treatment principles of toxicosis?
- tx symptomatically and supportive first
- Remove the poison
- Specific treatment - antidote
- Observation of the acutely poisoning animal
What drugs may be used to treat respiratory effects of a toxicant?
Bronchodilators (Aminophylline and beta 2 agonists - albuterol - has CV effects) Respiratory analeptics (Doxapram)
**oxygen therapy: nasal canulas, intubation and ventilator, O2 cage, etc
What is the “go to” drug to treat CNS stimulation in the hospital?
Diazepam IV
not always effective - may have to use propofol CRI etc
How might you treat a patient with inadequate circulatory volume?
Fluid therapy
Blood transfusion
Plasma transfusion
depending on the cause of hypovolemia
T/F: LRS and NaCl IVF should be suitable to treat a severe metabolic acidosis
False
Usually will need to add sodium bicarbonate - to get faster results
*important in tx of antifreeze tox
What drugs may be used to treat a hypotensive patient?
Fluid therapy
Epi or nor epi (these are non selective - increased CV effect)
Phenylephrine - selective alpha 1 agnoist (could see reflex bradycardia)
What drugs can be used to treat a metabolic alkalosis?
Ammonium chloride
methianine
What cardiostimulant drugs can be used in tx of toxicosis?
Ca Gluconate - must be given slowly
Glucagon
Digoxin