Chloro Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids (2,4-D) Flashcards
What herbicides are generally more toxic, GUP or RUP? (General use pesticides / restricted use pesticides)
RUP - restricted use pesticides
Are Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids GUP or RUP?
general use pesticides
**generally sprayed on forages in the recommended concentrations do not cause poisoning
How are animals typically exposed to Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids?
Accidental ingestion of concentrates or sprays
Grazing freshly sprayed pastures
(cattle)
Access to freshly sprayed lawns (pets)
What properties do Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids have that will increase the risk of other toxicities or increase their own toxicity?
- when sprayed on plants it increased their palatability - Makes toxic plants taste better and increase the chance of ingestion
- Increase toxicity by altering the plants metabolism causing an increase in nitrate and or cyanide accumulation
Do Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids get degraded in the rumen?
NO
they are not degraded by the rumen flora and do not affect the rumen flora
T/F: Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids are GI irritants
TRUE
results in diarrhea, which can be severe, hemorrhagic, and lead to ulcers
What animals are the most susceptible to Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis?
Cattle and dogs
Dogs are more sensitive than other species
What is the acute oral dose LD50 in dogs? What category does that make Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids?
100mg/kg
MODERATELY TOXIC
How are Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids absorbed?
lipid soluble - many routes of absorption
Readily absorbed by GIT
Poor skin absorption
What is the distribution of Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids like?
WIDE distribution
all over the body: liver, kidney, and brain more specifically
What is the half life of Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids?
Generally short in cattle/ruminants (few hours)
Longer in dogs (up to 3-4 days)
How are Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids metabolized and excreted?
by hydrolysis
excreted mainly unchanged in the urine by tubular excretion
What will increased the renal excretion of Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids?
Alkalinization of urine
T/F: Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids will enter the CNS
TRUE
What is the MOA of Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids?
Irritation of the GI mucosa
Affect skeletal muscle membranes in dogs
Uncouple oxidateive phosphorylation, and depress ribonuclease synthesis = lack of energy
What clinical signs are seen in cattle with Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis?
generally non specific but mainly GI and Neuromuscular
Anorexia, vomiting, bloody dhr, ulcers in buccal mucosa (acute)
Depression, muscle weakness, emaciation (delayed)
What clinical signs are seen in dogs with Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis?
anorexia, vomiting, dhr
Weakness of posterior muscles, ataxia,with rigidity of skeletal muscles
High doses (rapid onset) - opisthotonos, posterior paralysis, severe GI signs
What lesions are associated with Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis?
No specific lesions
mainly GI damage and degeneration of the liver and kidney
rumen stasis with ingested food may be noted
What specimens should be collected for chemical analysis?
forage, water, kidney, urine, liver, and stomach contents
chemical analysis is difficult and not routinely done
What bloodwork values may be elevated with Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis?
Alkphos, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine phosphokinase (CPK - muscle damage)
How is Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids toxicosis diagnosed?
History of ingestion is the most helpful - clinical signs are not specific or unique. Chemical analysis can be helpful
What is the treatment like for Phenoxy Derivatives of Fatty Acids poisoning?
General - symptomatic
detox - wash skin if dermal exposure / activated charcoal
Fluids, anti diarrheals
