Bromethalin Rodenticide Flashcards
Is bromethalin a general use or restricted use pesticide?
general use
What species is more sensitive to Bromethalin poisoning?
Cats are more sensitive than dogs Dogs are more susceptible as they are more likely to ingest it
What species are resistant to Bromethalin poisoning?
Guinea pigs they lack the correct metabolic enzymes for lethal synthesis
Is bromethalin lipophilic or water soluble?
Lipophilic - readily absorbed orally
Where is Bromethalin distributed in the highest amount in the body?
Fat and brain
What is the metabolism of Bromethalin ?
metabolized by N-demethylation in the liver to a MORE TOXIC metabolite: Desmethylbromethalin ***lethal synthesis
What is the half life of Bromethalin and how is it excreted?
Half life in the rat = 5-6 days mainly excreted in the bile, small amount in the urine *likely undergoes enterohepatic recirculation
What is the MOA of Bromethalin ?
Anticoagulant / Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation (both parent and metabolite)
= lack of adequate ATP and insufficient energy for Na/K ion pumps
What are the primary targets or tissues affected by Bromethalin toxicosis?
Brain and Spinal cord
*these rely heavily on oxidative phosphorylation *further tissue damage may occur through lipid peroxidation
T/F: Signs for Bromethalin toxicosis are always acute
FALSE acute or delayed *acute is less common
What clinical signs are associated with acute Bromethalin toxicosis?
1) occurs 2-36hrs post ingestion LOWER dose- “convulsant syndrome”
HIGHER dose CNS excitatory signs - severe muscle tremors, hyperthermia, running fits and hyper excitability - that may be precipitated by light or noise (may note CNS depression in end stage)
-1-4 days - MORE COMMON - Paralytic syndrome Develops within the first few days and progresses over 1-2 weeks
Death may occur due to respiratory failure
What is the prognosis of Bromethalin Convulsive syndrome?
POOR difficult to treat
Mild cases - signs may resolve over several weeks
What are the clinical signs associated with subacute Bromethalin toxicosis?
onset 1-4 days - MORE COMMON - Paralytic syndrome Develops within the first few days and progresses over 1-2 weeks hind limb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, paresis, can progress to paralysis and loss of deep pain CNS depression Other: vomiting, anorexia, nystagmus – may progress to sz late stage Death may occur due to respiratory failure
What lesions are associated with Bromethalin toxicosis?
Cerebral edema (intramyelinic edema)
Diffuse white matter vacuolization in the white matter
Paralytic syndrome is usually associated with what kind of Bromethalin dose?
Lower dose Convulsive syndrome = high doses
