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Y4 - Surgery - General > General Surgery Basics > Flashcards

General Surgery Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Laparo-

A

Refers to abdomen

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2
Q

Thoraco-

A

Refers to chest

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3
Q

Colo-

A

Refers to colon

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4
Q

Cysto-

A

Refers to bladder

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5
Q

Gastro-

A

Refers to stomach

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6
Q

Mammo-

A

Refers to breast

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7
Q

Masto-

A

Refers to breast

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8
Q

Myo-

A

Refers to muscle

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9
Q

Nephro-

A

Refers to kidneys

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10
Q

Pneumo-

A

Refers to lungs

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11
Q

Orchid-

A

Refers to testes

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12
Q

Rhino-

A

Refers to nose

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13
Q

Lobo-

A

Refers to lobe of organ

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14
Q

-otomy

A

Refers to surgically cutting open

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15
Q

-oscopy

A

Refers to viewing with a scope and keyhole surgery

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16
Q

-ectomy

A

Refers to removal

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17
Q

-plasty

A

Refers to changing shape

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18
Q

-pexy

A

Refers to fixing something in place

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19
Q

-centesis

A

Refers to puncturing with a needle

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20
Q

-ostomy

A

Refers to creating a new opening

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21
Q

-itis

A

Refers to inflammation

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22
Q

-algia

A

Refers to pain

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23
Q

-gram

A

Refers to recording or imaging

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24
Q

Adhesions

A

Scar-like tissue inside the body that bind surfaces together

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25
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces

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26
Q

Tenesmus

A

Sensation of needing to open bowels without being able to produce stools

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27
Q

Hemicolectomy

A

Removing portion of large intestine

28
Q

Hartmann’s procedure (proctosigmoidectomy)

A

Removal of rectosigmoid colon with closure of anorectal stump and formation of colostomy

29
Q

Anterior resection

A

Removalal of rectum

30
Q

Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

A

Removal of head of pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder and bile duct

31
Q

3 upper abdominal surgical scars

A
  • Kocker incision
  • Chevron/rooftop incision
  • Mercedes benz incision
32
Q

Kocher incision

A

Open cholecystectomy

33
Q

Chevron/rooftop incision

A
  • Liver transplant
  • Whipple procedure
  • Pancreatic surgery
  • Upper GI surgery
34
Q

Mercedes benz incision

A

Liver transplant

35
Q

3 abdominal organ surgery incisions and scars

A
  • Midline incision
  • Paramedian incision
  • Hockey-stick incision
36
Q

Midline incision

A

General laparotomy

37
Q

Paramedian incision

A

Laparotomy (midline usually used instead)

38
Q

Hockey-stick incision

A

Renal transplant

40
Q

4 appendix surgery incisions and scars

A
  • Battle incision (paramedian)
  • Gridiron incision/McBurney incision (oblique)
  • Lanz incision (transverse)
  • Rutherford Morrision incision
41
Q

Battle incision

A

Open appendicectomy

42
Q

Gridiron/McBurney incision

A

Open appendicetomy

43
Q

Lanz incision

A

Open appendicectomy

44
Q

Rutherford Morrison incision

A

Open appendicectomy and colectomy

45
Q

2 caesarean section scars

A
  • Pfannenstiel incision
  • Joel-Cohen incision
46
Q

Pfannenstiel incision

A
  • Caesarean section
  • Curved incision two fingers width above pubic symphysis
47
Q

Joel-Cohen incision

A
  • Caesarean section
  • Straight incision that is slightly higher than Pfannestial incision
48
Q

Laparoscopic surgery

A

Several 5-10mm incisions to allow cameras and instruments to be inserted into abdomen via port sites

49
Q

Diathermy

A

Uses high-frequency electrical current to cut through tissues or to cauterise small blood vessels to stop bleeding

50
Q

2 kinds of diathermy

A

Monopolar diathermy

Bipolar diathermy

51
Q

Monopolar diathermy

A
  • Used in small or large operations
  • Diathermy probe used by surgeon producing electrical signal
  • Grounding plate is placed uner leg or buttocks, so circuit formed
  • At site causes localised burning and tissue damage, electrical signal spreads through body to grounding plate
52
Q

Bipolar diathermy

A
  • Instrument with 2 electrodes, current passes between the two and affects the tissues in area
  • Used for microsurgery
  • Useful to stop signal passing through rest of body, such as with pacemaker
53
Q

2 main categories of sutures

A
  • Absorbable
  • Non-absorbable
54
Q

2 examples of absorbable suture

A
  • Vicryl
  • Monocryl
55
Q

3 examples non-abdorbable sutures

A
  • Silk
  • Nylon
  • Polypropylene
56
Q

How is the skin closed

A
  • Subcutaneous tissues closed with absorbable sutures to prevent dead space where fluid or air can go
  • Epidermis closed with various techniques
57
Q

Techniques for closing epidermis

A
  • Staples
  • Interrupted sutures
  • Mattress sutures
  • Continuous sutures
  • Subcuticular sutures
58
Q

Staples

A

Rapid way of closing skin which need removed later

59
Q

Interrupted sutures

A

Series of individual knots

60
Q

Mattress sutures

A

Series of individual sutures that each go from one side of wound, under and out the other side, and then back again to original side

61
Q

Continuous sutures

A

Single suture goes in and out along the wound in a spiral shape

62
Q

Cubcuticular sutures

A

Single absorbable suture side to side just below the skin to pull the skin edges together

63
Q

What are drains

A

Tubes left inside body to allow air and fluid to drain away

64
Q

At what 3 stages is WHO surgical safety checklist carried out

A
  • Before induction of anaesthesia
  • Before first skin inscision
  • Before patient leaves theatre
65
Q

What does WHO surgical safety checklist include

A
  • Checking essential factors such as
    • Patient identity
    • Allergies
    • Operation
    • Risk of bleeding
    • Introduction of all team members
    • Anticipated critical events
    • Counting the number of sponges and needles to ensure nothing is left inside patient

Y4 - Surgery - General (43 decks)

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