General Science- Genetics

Question 1

The study of heredity, the process by which characteristics are passed from parents to offspring.

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

The basic laws of genetics had been first been understood in the late 18th century, when they were first discovered by whom?

Answer 2

Gregor Mendel

Question 3

Mendel discovered that during sexual reproduction individual heredity traits do what?

Answer 3

Separate in reproductive cells so that they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells.

Question 4

Reproductive Cells are AKA

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

Large strings of heredity units

Answer 5

Chromosomes

Question 6

Normal body cells are called what?

Answer 6

Diploids

Question 7

Gametes, the reproductive cells that are split in half are also known as what?

Answer 7

Haploids

Question 8

The female gamete is called what?

Answer 8

Ovum

Question 9

The male gamete is called what?

Answer 9

Sperm

Question 10

Each human gamete contains how many unpaired chromosomes to produce a zygote?

Answer 10

23

Question 11

23 pairs of chromosomes also mean how many diploids?

Answer 11

46

Question 12

The process by which gametes are created.

Answer 12

Meiosis

Question 13

Sexual reproduction by meiosis and fertilization results in a great deal of what?

Answer 13

Variation among offspring.

Question 14

DNA is short for?

Answer 14

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 15

The molecule that contains genetic information that is “written” with the genetic code.

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

The genetic code consists of a combination of what?

Answer 16

Nucleotides

Question 17

Nucleotides bind together in a specific patter that can be “Read” by the cell to instruct it how to what?

Answer 17

Grow and Behave

Question 18

How is DNA shaped?

Answer 18

In a double helix.

Question 19

In DNA A pairs with which molecule?

Answer 19

T

Question 20

In DNA G pairs with which molecule?

Answer 20

C

Question 21

The outer part that makes up the helix of DNA is called what?

Answer 21

Sugar-Phosphate Chain

Question 22

DNA molecules have what kind of bases?

Answer 22

Nitrogenous Bases

Question 23

In DNA, the bonds between the molecules are what?

Answer 23

Hydrogen Bonds

Question 24

Defined as the unite of inheritance contained within the DNA of an individual?

Answer 24

Gene

Question 25

A gene may come in several varieties known as what?

Answer 25

Alleles.

Question 26

Each of us has how many alleles for each gene?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

Where does each 2 alleles from every gene come from?

Answer 27

One from each parent.

Question 28

If two alleles are alike in a gene, that person is what in that particular gene?

Answer 28

Homozygous

Question 29

If two alleles are different in a gene, that person is what in that particular gene?

Answer 29

Heterozygous

Question 30

In females, 2 chromosome pairs are what?

Answer 30

XX

Question 31

In males, 2 chromosome pairs are what?

Answer 31

XY

Question 32

During fertilization of an egg there are traits that are paired up. Both are either which?

Answer 32

Dominant or Recessive

Question 33

When is a recessive trait only expressed?

Answer 33

Offspring has 2 copies of that trait.

Question 34

When would a dominant trait be expressed?

Answer 34

Even if only one copy is present.

Question 35

What disorders could be caused by genetic traits?

Answer 35

Cancer, Down Syndrome, Colorblindness

Question 36

A person’s genetic makeup, including both dominant and recessive alleles are their what?

Answer 36

Genotype

Question 37

This is simply how a person’s genes express themselves ie eye color.

Answer 37

Phenotype