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General Science/Mechanics/ Etc. > General Science- Cellular Structures and Functions > Flashcards

General Science- Cellular Structures and Functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory States what three facts?

A
  1. All living things are composed of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic units and structure of living things.
  3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
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2
Q

What are the 2 cell classifications?

A

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

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3
Q

Characterized for not having a nucleus, like bacteria for example.

A

Prokaryotic

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4
Q

Characterized for having a nucleus, like plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

A

Eukaryotic

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5
Q

The WHAT of a eukaryotic cell contains the genetic material of the cell.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Outside of the nucleus lies the WHAT, a substance which surrounds the other cell structures.

A

Cytoplasm

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7
Q

Cell parts with specific functions?

A

Organelles

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8
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Organelles

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9
Q

This organelle produces proteins.

A

Ribosomes

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10
Q

This organelle produces energy.

A

Mitochondrion (ia for plural)

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11
Q

This organelle is involved in the synthesis of proteins and fats.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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12
Q

This organelle packages the proteins for use.

A

Golgi Apparatus

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13
Q

This organelle helps the cell manage waste.

A

Lysosomes

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14
Q

This organelle can be important in guiding the cell’s reproduction.

A

Centrosomes

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15
Q

Plant cells have a rigid WHAT surrounding the membrane.

A

Cell Wall

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16
Q

The cell wall provides what 2 things for the cell?

A

Structure

Support

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17
Q

Some plant cells produce their own energy through the process of what?

A

Photosynthesis.

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18
Q

The process by which sunlight, CO2, and water react to make sugar and oxygen.

A

Photosynthesis

19
Q

During photo synthesis process, what 3 items are needed to react to make sugar and oxygen.

A

Sunlight
CO2
Water

20
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place often in?

A

Plant Cells

21
Q

What do animal cells rely on for energy?

A

Consuming outside sources via Cellular Respiration.

22
Q

Process by which the mitochondria processes sugar and oxygen to produce energy, water, and CO2.

A

Cellular Respiration

23
Q

During Cellular Respiration, if there is no oxygen present, what does occur instead?

A

Fermentation

24
Q

Fermentation means what two things are produced instead of sugar when oxygen is not in the equation.

A

Lactic Acid

Alcohol

25
Q

The process where genetic material is replicated in the nucleus.

A

Cell Division.

26
Q

What is the first phase called of Cell Division?

A

Interphase.

27
Q

Where DNA replication occurs, which results in the replication of the chromosomes in the nucleus.

A

Interphase

28
Q

During interphase, the twin threads of DNA composed are called what?

A

Chromatids

29
Q

Which is the longest phase cell division and consists of divided periods of cell growth and DNA replication?

A

Interphase

30
Q

During Interphase, why does the cell begin to grow in size?

A

To accommodate the increase in chromosomes.

31
Q

What is the 2nd phase of Cell Division after Interphase?

A

Prophase

32
Q

When Chromatids begin to pair up with their sister Chromatids.

A

Prophase

33
Q

What is the 3rd phase of Cell Division after Prophase?

A

Metaphase

34
Q

When the sister chromatids begin move to opposite poles of the cell.

A

Metaphase

35
Q

What is the 4th phase of Cell Division after Metaphase?

A

Anaphase

36
Q

When the chromatids begin to pull apart into two separate poles. The cell is than elongated.

A

Anaphase

37
Q

What is the 5th phase of Cell Division after Anaphase?

A

Telophase

38
Q

2 new nuclei become completely separated.

A

Telophase

39
Q

What is the 6th and final phase of Cell Division after Telophase?

A

Cytokinesis

40
Q

The cytoplasm and cell membranes complete their separation and 2 daughter cells are formed.

A

Cytokinesis

41
Q

Normally cells are regulated to stop producing via signals, however this occurs when signals are mutated and cells can grow without limit.

A

Cancer

42
Q

What are factors of cancer?

A

Smoking
Sun Exposure
Mutations after Damages to Cells

43
Q

What is the most common type of cancer and what is it from?

A

Skin Cancer and exposure to UV rays in sunlight.

General Science/Mechanics/ Etc. (37 decks)

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