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French Wine Scholar 2025 > General Revision part 1 > Flashcards

General Revision part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

At what temperature does photosynthesis become active and cease?

A

Photosynthesis becomes active at 10°C and ceases at 35°C.

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2
Q

What does Oidium refer to, and what is Peronospora associated with?

A

Oidium refers to powdery mildew; Peronospora is associated with downy mildew.

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3
Q

Which three grape varieties were most widely cultivated during the Middle Ages?

A

Pinot, Savagnin, and Gouais Blanc.

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4
Q

What was Reims’ role in French history?

A

It was the ceremonial city for the coronation of French kings.

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5
Q

What does the ‘Ban des Vendanges’ indicate?

A

The official harvest date determined by authorities.

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6
Q

What are the parent grapes of Syrah and Chardonnay?

A

Syrah = Mondeuse Blanche × Dureza; Chardonnay = Gouais Blanc × Pinot.

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7
Q

What is the difference between a ‘Fleuve’ and a ‘Rivière’?

A

A Fleuve flows into the sea; a Rivière connects to other rivers.

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8
Q

What does the Canal du Midi connect?

A

Toulouse to the Mediterranean Sea.

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9
Q

What do Demeter and Biodyvin certify?

A

Biodynamic wines.

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10
Q

What is Marcottage?

A

A layering method for propagating vines.

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11
Q

What is Transversage in Champagne production?

A

Transferring Champagne into larger or smaller bottles after disgorgement.

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12
Q

How many days typically occur between véraison and harvest?

A

Approximately 45 days.

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13
Q

What is Délestage in winemaking?

A

A technique known as ‘rack and return’ used to enhance extraction.

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14
Q

What is the origin of Sylvaner?

A

Austria.

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15
Q

How many soil types are there in Alsace?

A

13 soils.

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16
Q

What does ‘Pinot Blanc’ equal in Alsace?

A

Klevner.

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17
Q

What is Gentil in Alsace wine labeling?

A

A blend with at least 50% noble varieties.

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18
Q

What is unique about Grand Cru in Alsace?

A

Each Grand Cru is a separate AOC (51 total).

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19
Q

What is the main vine training system in Alsace?

A

Guyot.

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20
Q

Which three Alsace Grand Cru can make blends?

A

Bergheim, Kaefferkopf, Vorbourg.

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21
Q

Which two Alsace Grand Cru are permitted to use Pinot Noir?

A

Hengst and Kirchberg de Barr.

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22
Q

What lies to the west of the Vosges Mountains?

A

The Lorraine wine region.

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23
Q

When did Alsace first become part of France?

A

In the 17th Century.

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24
Q

Which grapes are most used for Vendanges Tardives and Sélection de Grains Nobles?

A

Gewurztraminer and Pinot Gris.

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25
What are the two types of Muscat allowed in Alsace?
Ottonel and à petits grains.
26
When was bottled Champagne first allowed to be sold and transported?
1728.
27
In Champagne, are villages or vineyards ranked?
Villages.
28
What does 'Mono-cru' refer to in Champagne?
A single village.
29
Which 4 areas in Champagne primarily grow Chardonnay?
Côte de Sézanne, Montgueux, Vitryat, and Côte des Blancs.
30
What are the four ancillary grape varieties allowed in Champagne?
Pinot Gris, Pinot Blanc, Arbane, and Petit Meslier.
31
Who discovered riddling (remuage)?
Veuve Clicquot (Ponsardin).
32
What does Grand Cru mean in Champagne?
The wine comes from one or more of 17 Grand Cru villages.
33
What were the two main grapes of Champagne between the 9th–16th centuries?
Fromenteau and Gouais.
34
What soil type do Côte des Bars and Chablis share?
Kimmeridgean Marl.
35
Which 3 areas in Champagne produce Pinot Noir?
Grande Vallée de la Marne, Côte des Bars, Montagne de Reims.
36
What does Pinot Gris equal in Champagne?
Fromenteau.
37
What was the effect of phylloxera on Champagne?
It reduced Champagne to 1/5th of its size.
38
What is the only AOC in Bourgogne that produces rosé?
Marsannay.
39
Which Maconnais AOC was awarded 22 Premier Crus in 2020?
Pouilly-Fuissé.
40
What does the term 'Climat' refer to in Bourgogne?
It’s associated with Premier Cru vineyards.
41
What soil does Chardonnay prefer?
Marl (limestone-rich clay).
42
What soil does Pinot Noir prefer?
Limestone or marls.
43
What are colluvial soils?
Soils formed by slope wash.
44
Which grapes are used in Red Macon and DGC wines?
Gamay.
45
Do Bourgogne Grand Crus include village names?
No, except in Chablis.
46
Are vineyards or domaines classified in Bourgogne?
Vineyards.
47
How are Maconnais and Chalonnaise appellations named?
Maconnais = double-barrelled (e.g., Pouilly-Loché); Chalonnaise = single (e.g., Mercurey).
48
Which Grand Cru ‘Clos’ is the only one not in Morey-St-Denis?
Clos de Vougeot, which is in Vougeot.
49
Where is Richebourg Grand Cru located?
Vosne-Romanée.
50
Which 2 Grand Cru are shared by Ladoix, Pernand-Vergelesses, and Aloxe-Corton?
Corton and Corton-Charlemagne.
51
Montrachet and Bâtard-Montrachet are shared by which villages?
Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet.
52
Bonnes-Mares is shared by which two villages?
Chambolle-Musigny and Morey-St-Denis.
53
Charlemagne Grand Cru is shared by which two AOCs?
Aloxe-Corton and Pernand-Vergelesses.
54
Which 6 major villages lack Grand Crus?
Nuits St Georges, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault, Pouilly-Fuissé.
55
What lies to the north of Bourgogne?
Dijon.
56
What wines do Pommard and Volnay produce?
Only red wines.
57
What lies to the east of Beaujolais?
The Saône.
58
What are Arène and Gorrhe in Beaujolais?
Soil components: feldspars, micas, quartz, and minerals.
59
Who discovered carbonic maceration?
Jules Chauvet.
60
Which Beaujolais Cru has the highest elevation and coolest climate?
Chiroubles.
61
Where is the Beaujolais AOC mostly located?
South of the Nizerand.
62
How many AOCs are there in Beaujolais?
12.
63
What disease is Gamay particularly susceptible to?
Gray rot.
64
What soils dominate southern Beaujolais?
Clay and limestone soils.
65
What is the body style of Juliénas wine?
Medium-bodied.
66
What training systems are used in Beaujolais Cru?
Cordon, Gobelet, and Éventail.
67
Is Guyot training allowed in Beaujolais Cru?
No.
68
Where is the lieu-dit Côte de Py located?
Morgon.
69
What happens in 2035 to Aligoté from Beaujolais?
It will not be permitted in Bourgogne Aligoté.
70
What label is used for red and rosé méthode ancestrale wine from Gamay?
Vin de France.
71
How many villages can produce Beaujolais Villages AOC?
38.
72
Compared to Bourgogne, what challenges does Jura face?
More rain and disease pressure.
73
What are the five main grapes in Jura?
Poulsard, Trousseau, Pinot Noir, Savagnin, and Chardonnay.
74
What does 'Ouillé' mean in Jura winemaking?
Wine made reductively.
75
What does 'Tradition / sous-voile' mean?
Aged under yeast film, Savagnin, for a shorter time than Vin Jaune
76
What is ullage?
Head-space in a bottle or barrel.
77
What byproduct results from sous-voile aging?
Aldehydes.
78
Who battled mildew with Bordeaux mixture?
Millardet.
79
What is the most planted grape in the Jura?
Chardonnay.
80
What is the largest AOC in Jura by size and volume?
Arbois AOC.
81
What is Macvin?
A fortified grape must (juice, not wine).
82
What is a Reculée?
A blind valley.
83
How many AOCs are in the Jura?
Six.
84
Which DGC adds its name to the Arbois AOC?
Arbois-Pupillon.
85
What is Vin Jaune?
Savagnin aged 60 months under flor with ullage, bottled in a Clavelin.
86
What is Macvin du Jura?
Red, white, or rosé fortified must aged 10 months in barrel.
87
What is Vin de Paille?
Grapes dried for 6 weeks (no Pinot Noir), aged 18 months in oak.
88
Does Arbois AOC produce more red or white wine?
More red wine.
89
Which Jura AOCs only produce white wine?
L’Étoile AOC and Château-Chalon AOC.
90
What does 'Naturé' mean in Arbois?
Ouillé wines from Arbois.
91
How long must Marc used in Macvin be barrel-aged?
14 months.
92
Where is Pinot Gris permitted in Jura?
Only for Crémant du Jura.
93
Which 4 grapes are related to Savagnin?
Sauvignon Blanc, Petit Manseng, Sylvaner, Chenin Blanc.
94
Where are the Apremont and Abymes vineyards located?
On the Mount Granier site.
95
Is Crémant de Savoie a separate AOC?
No, it is a style within Savoie AOC.
96
What types of wine does Savoie AOC produce?
Red, white, rosé, and sparkling wine.
97
What is another name for Roussanne in Savoie?
Bergeron.
98
What rivers run through Savoie (don’t assume I understand anything)
Dranse, Arve, Isère, Usses, and Ain.
99
What wines are made in Seyssel AOC?
Still whites from Altesse, sparkling whites from Molette.
100
Why are Savoie vineyards planted under 500m asl?
To avoid frost.
101
What is Savoie known for in vine production?
Producing 20% of France’s grafted vines.
102
What are the two main red grapes in Savoie?
Mondeuse Noire and Gamay.
103
What percentage of Savoie’s production is white wine?
70%.
104
What is Pierre Galet known for?
Identifying grape varieties before genetic analysis.
105
What are the crus in Savoie and Roussette de Savoie classified as?
DGCs (Denominations Géographiques Complémentaires).
106
What affects the climate in Savoie?
Alpine influences and long periods of rain in summer.
107
What grapes are used in Crémant de Savoie?
Altesse and Jacquère.
108
What is required for varietal labeling in Savoie?
100% of the stated variety.
109
What is Persan?
A nearly extinct Savoie varietal that has been revived.
110
What is the main vine training method in Savoie?
Guyot.
111
When did the Mount Granier landslide occur?
1248.

French Wine Scholar 2025 (31 decks)

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