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NUR 107: Intro To Pharm (Module Four) > General Respiratory > Flashcards

General Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Constriction of the airways following use of sympathomimetic bronchodilator. An opposite effect from what is expected.

A

Paradoxical Bronchoconstriction

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2
Q

An effect that is the opposite of what is expected

A

Paradoxical Effect

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3
Q

Worsening of nasal congestion following discontinuation of nasal spray

A

Rebound Congestion

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4
Q

A drug producing the physiological effects characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system.

A

Sympathomimetic

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5
Q

dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, bowel obstruction, dilated pupils, blurred vision, increased heart rate, and decreased sweating

A

Anticholinergic Effects

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6
Q

used to prevent or relieve a cough

A

Antitussive

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7
Q

a medicine which promotes the secretion of sputum by the air passages, used to treat coughs

A

Expectorant

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8
Q

What two zones make up the Respiratory System

A

Conducting Zone
Respiratory Zone

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9
Q

• Warms, humidifies, and cleans incoming air
• Cilia remove mucus and debris from the nasal cavity
• Trachea branches to left and right bronchi-passageways for air in and out
• Muscular walls of bronchioles change in size to ̄ or airflow.

A

Conducting Zone

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10
Q

• Involves structures directly involved in gas exchange
• Bronchioles lead to alveolar sacs where gas exchange takes place
• Resp. rate controlled by medulla oblongata (autonomic nervous system)

A

Respiratory Zone

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11
Q

• An immune system reaction to a foreign substance- Antibodies are formed
• Mast cells release histamines when the allergen is present
• Common symptoms are sneezing, itching, runny/stuffy nose, red/watery eyes

A

Allergies

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12
Q
  • Chemical mediator of inflammatory response
  • Interacts with two receptors: H1 & H2
A

Histamine

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13
Q
  • Found in smooth muscle of vascular system and bronchial tree
  • Causes many of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis
A

Histamine 1

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14
Q
  • Found in stomach
  • responsible for peptic ulcers
A

Histamine 2

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15
Q

Medications for Respiratory Conditions (2)

A

Antihistamines (H1 Receptor Antagonists)
Decongestants

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16
Q
  • natural reflex mechanism
  • Serves to forcibly remove excess secretions and foreign material
  • Common colds and allergies create _______.
A

Cough

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17
Q
  • Antitussives inhibit cough
  • Opioids used to inhibit severe cough
  • Expectorants inhibit mucus production
A

Pharmacotherapy of Cough

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18
Q

Medications to treat cough (2)

A

Antitussives
Expectorants

19
Q

Blue discoloration

A

Cyanosis

20
Q

Difficulty breathing

A

Dyspnea

21
Q

a condition involving constriction of the airways and difficulty or discomfort in breathing.

A

COPD

22
Q

a respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It usually results from an allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity

A

Asthma

23
Q

AKA bronchospasm

A

Asthma attack

24
Q
  • Approx. 18.7 million adults and 7 million kids in U.S.A. Are affected.
  • A chronic disease with inflammation, edema, & bronchospasm
  • Excessive mucus sometimes present
  • Symptoms involve coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, cyanosis, and chest tightness.
A

Asthma

25
Q
  • Stress
  • Pollutants/allergens
  • Infections
  • Exercise (exertion)
A

Exacerbate Asthma Symptoms

26
Q

Asthma has both _____________ component and __________ component

A

bronchoconstriction; inflammation

27
Q

What are the 2 goals of drug therapy?

A
  1. To terminate
  2. To reduce the frequency
28
Q

What are the 2 broad categories of drug therapy?

A

Quick-relief meds
Long-acting meds

29
Q
  • To terminate acute bronchospasms in progress
  • short-acting beta-adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetics)
A

Quick-relief medications (emergency)

30
Q
  • Oral Route
  • Aerosolize Route
A

Common routes for pulmonary drugs

31
Q
  • rapid and efficient
  • rich blood supply for quick absorption and onset of action
  • delivers drug directly to site
  • inhalation vs oral
A

Factors of pulmonary drug choice

32
Q
  • Longer duration of action
  • Frequent systemic side effects
  • Tolerance may develop
A

Oral Therapy

33
Q
  • Suspension of droplets or particles in a gas
  • Onset of action almost immediate
  • Drugs administered for local effect
  • Immediate relief of bronchospasm in an emergency
  • Loosens thick mucus
  • Side effects are reduced!
A

Aerosol Therapy

34
Q
  • Difficult to measure precise dose
  • Usually, only 10 to 50% of drug is placed
  • Instruction may be complicated for some patients
  • Side effects occur if patient swallows drug or does not rinse mouth after inhalation
A

Disadvantages of aerosol therapy

35
Q
  • nebulizer
  • metered-dose inhaler
  • dry powder inhaler
A

Devices for aerosol therapy

36
Q
  • Vaporizes liquid drug into fine mist
  • Uses small machine and face mask
A

Nebulizer

37
Q
  • Propellant delivers measured dose of drug
A

Metered-dose Inhaler (MDI)

38
Q
  • Patient inhales powdered drug
  • Device activated by inhalation
A

Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)

39
Q
  • Chronic disease that causes obstructed air flow out of the lungs
  • Two types are emphysema and chronic bronchitis
A

COPD

40
Q

Alveoli at the end of the bronchioles are
destroyed and hyperinflated

A

Emphysema

41
Q

chronic bronchial tube inflammation (daily productive cough)

A

Chronic Bronchitis

42
Q
  • breathing difficulty
  • productive and chronic cough
  • wheezing
  • chest tightness, cyanosis, lack of energy, frequent respiratory infections, weight loss
A

Symptoms of COPD

43
Q
  • Most often related to long-term smoking or long-term exposure to irritant
  • Treatable but not curable
  • The bronchioles lose elasticity, alveoli dilate to try to allow for more air and the client suffers extreme dyspnea.
A

Cause of COPD

44
Q
  • Most effective drugs for relieving acute bronchospasm
  • Activate beta2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation
  • Range from ultrashort to long-acting
A

Sympathomimetics-Bronchodilators (Beta-Adrenergic Agonists):

NUR 107: Intro To Pharm (Module Four) (17 decks)

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