General Pathology Flashcards
What is Splendore- Hoeppli and Charcot-Leyden crystals composed of ?
Splendore- Hoeppli: deposition of antigen/ antibody complexes, (Igs and major basic proteins), fibrin and debris.
Charcot-Leyden crystals - lysophospholipases
What these composed of
Psammoma bodies-
Corpora amylacea-
Gamna-Gandy bodies-
KW lesions-
Psammoma bodies : calcification
Corpora amylacea : glycogen- like material with phosphate and sulfate groups in aging brain 🧠 and prostate
Gamna-Gandy bodies : organized and fibrotic deposits of hemosiderin in the spleen caused by hemorrhage.
KW lesions : basement membrane material deposited in glomeruli in DM
Mutations in the DNA 🧬 helicase gene 🧬 result in :
Accelerated aging .
Mutations of WRN gene 🧬 occur in Werner syndrome.
Also seen in Cockayne $, Bloom $ and progeria.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is…..
Autosomal dominant
Beta myosin heavy chain gene
Chromosome 14
ECHO: MV prolapse or regurgitation, LVH, LA enlargement
Ipilimumab- Pembrolizumab & nivolumab- Vemurafenib or dabrafenib- Trametinib Imantinib
Ipilimumab- CTLA4 inhibitor in advanced melanomas, competes with CD28
Pembrolizumab & nivolumab- anti PDL1 antibodies.
Vemurafenib or dabrafenib- inhibitors if BRAF, which activates MAPK pathway. Used in melanomas withV600E BRAF mutation
Trametinib- MEK activation inhibition. In combo with BRAF inhibitors
Imantinib- 25% mucosal or actual melanomas have mutations in KIT… some respond.
Useful adrenal steroids mnemonic
In enzyme def
If first digit is ‘1’ - patient will be hypertensive
If second digit is ‘1’ - the patient will be male
17 a hydroxylase def- HTN, feminine
21 hydroxylase def- hypotension, masculine
11 b hydroxylase def: HTN, masculine
Trinucleotide repeats and syndromes CGG GAA CAG CTG
Trinucleotide repeats and syndromes CGG - Fragile X syndrome GAA - Friedreich ataxia CAG - Huntington’s disease CTG - childhood onset myotonic dystrophy
