General features of virus multiplication

Question 1

adsorption

Answer 1

attachment to the host cell

Question 2

penetration

Answer 2

entry into the host cell

Question 3

decapsidation

Answer 3

nucleic acid release

Question 4

eclipse

Answer 4

expression of the genetic information

translation, transcription and NA replication

Question 5

maturation

Answer 5

assembly of progeny virions

Question 6

release

Answer 6

evacuation from the host cell

Question 7

Viral multiplication cycles and n.

Answer 7

102 – 106 virion/cell
new cells, new cycles
log phase

Question 8

For adsorbtion cell surface receptor and antireceptor are always needed

Answer 8

FALSE, only the surface one is obligatory

Question 9

A cell surface is needed for the cellular functions

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

sometimes non-related viruses have the same receptor

Answer 10

TRUE (CAR - coxackie-adeno receptor)

Question 11

viruses adapt the cellular surface receptors during their evolution

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

specificity - determined by the…?

Answer 12

tissue or species receptor protein

Question 13

penetration is not energy dependent

Answer 13

FALSE, it is

Question 14

general forms of penetration are

Answer 14

translocation, endocytosis and membrane fusion

Question 15

translocation is…

Answer 15

a penetration type „trapdoor” mechanism

Question 16

endocytosis is mostly used by…?

Answer 16

most non-enveloped viruses + herpes, pox

Question 17

membrane fusion is used ONLY by…?

Answer 17

enveloped viruses

Question 18

during membrane fusion only the nucleocapsid gets into the cytosol

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

penetration alternative forms are?

Answer 19

injection, sexfimbria, passive

Question 20

passive penetration occurs in..?

Answer 20

plant viruses

cellular wall injuries, arthropod bites

Question 21

decapsidation is not dangerous for the virus

Answer 21

FALSE, it is but it is necessary

Question 22

strategies for decapsidation

Answer 22

Use of cellular proteases
Viral uncoating proteins
Partial decapsidation (hiding the NA till the early v. P prod.)
simultaneous penetration and decapsidation (injection, translocation)

Question 23

Maturation

Answer 23

Glycosylation, dimer formation, antigen development

at the ER, Golgi

Question 24

Virus assembly usually at the site of replication

Answer 24

TRUE, for better protection

Question 25

RNA viruses + Pox, Asfarviridae assemble in the…

Answer 25

cytoplasm

Question 26

most DNA viruses assembly in the….

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

Methods of assembly…

Answer 27

icosahedral

helical

Question 28

Icosahedral method of assembly is…

Answer 28

when nucleic acid enters into the capsid

Question 29

Helical method of assembly is….

Answer 29

when capsomers surround the nucleic acid

Question 30

envelope and matrix proteins are acquired from cellular membranes

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

The assembly is regulated by

Answer 31

scaffolding proteins

Question 32

Virus releases types

Answer 32

cytolysis (non-enveloped)

budding (enveloped)

Question 33

cytolysis can be

Answer 33

rapid (picorna)
slow (parvo)
apoptosis (adeno)

Question 34

budding can be rapid and slow

Answer 34

TRUE,
rapid (Togav., Paramyxov., Rhabdov.)
slow (Arenav., Retrov.)

Question 35

Cell-associated viruses release at cell death or injuries

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

Cell fusion (syncytium formation) is a safe way for the spread of….?

Answer 36

Herpes and paramyxo