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NBS Part 2 Boards > General deck 4 - labs > Flashcards

General deck 4 - labs Flashcards

1
Q

of RBCs:

A

4.5-6million

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2
Q

MCV=

A

volume

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3
Q

MCH=

A

color

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4
Q

MCHC=

A

color

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5
Q

Hemoglobin count:

A

15 +/- 3

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6
Q

Hematocrit count:

A

43 +/- 5

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7
Q

Platelet count:

A

150-400k

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8
Q

Thrombocytes are used for:

A

clotting

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9
Q

WBC counts:

A

5-10k

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10
Q

Lifespan of WBC:

A

15-30 days

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11
Q

12,000 WBCs=

A

sick (bacterial)

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12
Q

15,000 WBCs=

A

hospital (bacterial)

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13
Q

17,000 WBCs=

A

Schilling’s Shift (bacterial)

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14
Q

Over 20,000 WBCs=

A

Radiation exposure (myeloid reaction)

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15
Q

Over 50,000 WBCs=

A

cancer, leukemia

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16
Q

WBC differential:

A

Neutrophils 60%, Lymphocytes 30%, Monocytes 8%, Engine 3%, Basophils, 0-1% (Never let my engine blow)

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17
Q

Increase in neutrophils is caused by:

A

bacterial infection, most commonly staph

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18
Q

Increase in lymphocytes is caused by:

A

viral infection

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19
Q

Decrease in neutrophils is caused by:

A

viral infection

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20
Q

Increase in monocytes is caused by:

A

chronic infection

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21
Q

Increase in eosinphils is caused by:

A

allergies

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22
Q

Increase in basophils is caused by:

A

heavy metal or polycythemia

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23
Q

Most common cancer in children:

A

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

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24
Q

acute lymphoblastic leukemia:

A

Most common cancer in children, 3-5 yo, progresses rapidly, affects immature blood cells

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25
Q

Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia:

A

rapid cancer, affects myeloid WBCs, MC leukemia in adults

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26
Q

Most common leukemia in children:

A

Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia

27
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia:

A

slow, uncommon adult form with Philadelphia chromosome

28
Q

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia:

A

slow, elderly

29
Q

Decreased RBC maturation with increased MCV:

A

macrocytic normochromic anemia

30
Q

Causes of macrocytic normochromic anemia:

A

poor uptake of B12, B9 deficiency

31
Q

RBC loss with decreased MCV and decreased MCHC:

A

Microcytic hypochromic anemia

32
Q

Causes of Microcytic hypochromic anemia:

A

iron deficiency and chronic hemorrhage

33
Q

Thalassemia is common in what groups?

A

Mediterranean and European

34
Q

Sickle cell anemia is common in what group?

A

African American

35
Q

AVN of the femoral head is a complication of what anemia?

A

sickle cell

36
Q

RBC destruction and decreased RBC # is associated with what anemia:

A

normocytic normochromic

37
Q

Causes for normocytic normochromic anemia:

A

hemolytic, aplastic, acute hemorrhage

38
Q

Dark red urine indicates:

A

inflammation, lesions or ulceration of related organ

39
Q

Smoky color urine indicates

A

upper tract lesion

40
Q

White urine indicates:

A

stagnation of blood, fat and mucus deposits, weakness in blood

41
Q

Yellow urine indicates:

A

disorder of liver and gallbladder, excess bile secretion, deposits of animal fats

42
Q

Orange urine indicates:

A

B vitamins are high

43
Q

Black urine indicates:

A

Onchrosis, end stage Malaria

44
Q

Increased specific gravity:

A

diabetes mellitus

45
Q

Decreased specific gravity:

A

diabetes insipidus

46
Q

Proteinuria:

A

nephron disease, multiple myeloma and muscular dystrophy

47
Q

Glucose in urine:

A

diabetes mellitus, shock

48
Q

ketones in urine:

A

diabetes mellitus, starvation

49
Q

Blood in urine with pain:

A

trauma, infection, stone

50
Q

Painless blood in urine:

51
Q

Billirubin + bacteria =

A

urobilinogen

52
Q

Pus in urine:

A

bladder, urethra usually

53
Q

Casts in urine:

A

nephron disease

54
Q

Schilling’s test:

A

B12, 24 hr urine test

55
Q

IgG:

A

chronic, 85%, 2nd to fight (bacterial, fungus, toxins)

56
Q

IgA:

A

5-10%, mucosal linings (GI and lung)

57
Q

IgM:

A

acute, 5-10%, 1st to fight

58
Q

IgE:

A

asthma, allergies, small amount, hypersensitivity defense

59
Q

IgD:

60
Q

Clay colored stool:

A

biliary obstruction

61
Q

Tarry colored stool:

A

iron or blood

62
Q

Steatorrhea:

A

fat in stool from GB/pancreas or malabsorption

63
Q

Frank blood in stool:

A

lower GI, red

64
Q

Occult blood in stool:

A

upper GI, GUAIAC

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