General deck 2 Flashcards
Which hemorrhoids are often symptom free unless defecating?
extrenal (thrombosed)
Which hemorrhoids are often painful and have bloody defecation?
internal (prolapsed)
rectal prolapse:
strain produces donut shaped anus
Rectal fissure:
linear tear, bloody defecation
Rectal polyps:
firm, palpable growth
dull percussion over lung fields equals:
fluid, bacterial pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary edema
hyper resonant percussion over lung fields equals:
air, COPD, emphysema, pneumothorax
Massive pleural effusion ______ fremitus
decreases, stops lung vibration because fluid is outside the lung
Wheezing:
musical rales, crackles, high pitched sound usually indicating asthma
Stridor:
inspiratory crowing, highest pitch noise indicating a medical emergency
Prolonged expiration:
COPD
Respiratory lag:
pneumothorax
Friction rub:
pleurisy (rapid, shallow breathing)
Friction rub heard in the abdomen indicates:
enlarged viscera
All adventitious noises represent:
fluid in the lungs
Cheyne stokes:
rhythmical apnea (brain lesion)
Biot’s:
aka ataxic respiration, irregular apnea indicating medulla involvement
Kussmaul:
air hunger, associated with a diabetic coma, deep breathing
Hyperventilation:
rapid breathing, circumoral tingling
What is the treatment for hyperventilation?
carbon dioxide (breath into bag)
pink puffer and “balloon lungs” are associated with:
emphysema
blue bloater:
chronic bronchitis
Yellow-green sputum:
bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis
rusty sputum:
pneumococcal
red current jelly sputum:
klebsiella
foul sputum:
lung abcess
pink sputum:
strep
pink and frothy sputum:
CHF, pulmonary edema
red sputum:
TB, infarct, cancer
green sputum, night sweats, general chest pain:
bacterial pneumonia
20 years of smoking, prolonged expiration:
emphysema
20yo M, rapid onset of pinpoint chest pain after shoveling:
pleurisy
60 yo male has chest pain after shoveling:
myocardial infarct
dyspnea at night, swelling and crackles:
CHF
Proteinuria, pyrexia, WBC casts, and fat oval bodies:
nephrosis
Proteinuria, pyrexia, RBC casts:
glomerulonephritis
Proteinuria, edema, and hypertension:
eclampsia
Elevated IgM, tenderness in RUQ and leukopenia:
acute hepatitis
Jaundice, boggy liver, and leukopenia:
chronic hepatitis
Elevated GGT, alcoholism, and jaundice:
cirrhosis
18,000 WBCs doesn’t indicate:
nephritis
Numbness of hands and feet, excessive drinking:
diabetes melitis and PLS
20yo w/ anxiety, diarrhea and excessive abdominal bloating:
ulcerative colitis
Does diabetes melitis cause PLS?
yes
Does alcoholism cause PLS?
yes
Does gastritis cause PLS?
yes
Does cholecystitis cause PLS?
no
Hypospadias:
congential defect on ventral surface (boots)
Epispadias:
congential defect on dorsal surface (goggles)
Phimosis:
foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis
Paraphimosis:
foreskin becomes trapped behind/under the glans penis
Hydrocele:
non-tender, transilluminates, can palpate above mass
Scrotal hernia:
does not transilluminate, borborygmi possible, cannot palpate above mass
tumor (seminoma):
HCG, often painless nodules, does not transilluminate
bag of worms:
dependent edema
epidermoid cyst:
common, cutaneous firm, yellow cyst (often multiple in men and women)
Epididymitis:
reddened testes, tender, transilluminates, posterior-superior scrotal swelling
Testicular torsion:
blunt trauma, painful, swollen, adolescence, surgical emergency
Cryptorchism:
non-descending testicle, causes underdeveloped scrotum, increased risk of cancer
Priapism:
sustained erection for more than 4 hours
Balanitis:
inflamed glans penis
What can cause priapism?
erectile dysfunctions drugs, CNS trauma, intracranial pressure
Peyronie’s:
Crooked erection
Acute prostatitis:
fever, warm, tender
Chronic prostatitis:
painful ejaculation
Benign hypertrophy:
lateral lobes, boggy, smooth, non-tender
Prostate cancer:
posterior lobe, firm, nodular, non-tender
Lab tests for prostate cancer:
PSA
Diagnostics for prostate cancer:
digital rectal exam, biopsy (more specific than PSA)
what hernia can women get?
femoral
What hernia can older men get?
direct
What hernia can younger men get?
indirect
