General deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which hemorrhoids are often symptom free unless defecating?

A

extrenal (thrombosed)

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2
Q

Which hemorrhoids are often painful and have bloody defecation?

A

internal (prolapsed)

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3
Q

rectal prolapse:

A

strain produces donut shaped anus

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4
Q

Rectal fissure:

A

linear tear, bloody defecation

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5
Q

Rectal polyps:

A

firm, palpable growth

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6
Q

dull percussion over lung fields equals:

A

fluid, bacterial pneumonia, CHF, pulmonary edema

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7
Q

hyper resonant percussion over lung fields equals:

A

air, COPD, emphysema, pneumothorax

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8
Q

Massive pleural effusion ______ fremitus

A

decreases, stops lung vibration because fluid is outside the lung

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9
Q

Wheezing:

A

musical rales, crackles, high pitched sound usually indicating asthma

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10
Q

Stridor:

A

inspiratory crowing, highest pitch noise indicating a medical emergency

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11
Q

Prolonged expiration:

A

COPD

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12
Q

Respiratory lag:

A

pneumothorax

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13
Q

Friction rub:

A

pleurisy (rapid, shallow breathing)

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14
Q

Friction rub heard in the abdomen indicates:

A

enlarged viscera

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15
Q

All adventitious noises represent:

A

fluid in the lungs

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16
Q

Cheyne stokes:

A

rhythmical apnea (brain lesion)

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17
Q

Biot’s:

A

aka ataxic respiration, irregular apnea indicating medulla involvement

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18
Q

Kussmaul:

A

air hunger, associated with a diabetic coma, deep breathing

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19
Q

Hyperventilation:

A

rapid breathing, circumoral tingling

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20
Q

What is the treatment for hyperventilation?

A

carbon dioxide (breath into bag)

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21
Q

pink puffer and “balloon lungs” are associated with:

A

emphysema

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22
Q

blue bloater:

A

chronic bronchitis

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23
Q

Yellow-green sputum:

A

bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis

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24
Q

rusty sputum:

A

pneumococcal

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25
red current jelly sputum:
klebsiella
26
foul sputum:
lung abcess
27
pink sputum:
strep
28
pink and frothy sputum:
CHF, pulmonary edema
29
red sputum:
TB, infarct, cancer
30
green sputum, night sweats, general chest pain:
bacterial pneumonia
31
20 years of smoking, prolonged expiration:
emphysema
32
20yo M, rapid onset of pinpoint chest pain after shoveling:
pleurisy
33
60 yo male has chest pain after shoveling:
myocardial infarct
34
dyspnea at night, swelling and crackles:
CHF
35
Proteinuria, pyrexia, WBC casts, and fat oval bodies:
nephrosis
36
Proteinuria, pyrexia, RBC casts:
glomerulonephritis
37
Proteinuria, edema, and hypertension:
eclampsia
38
Elevated IgM, tenderness in RUQ and leukopenia:
acute hepatitis
39
Jaundice, boggy liver, and leukopenia:
chronic hepatitis
40
Elevated GGT, alcoholism, and jaundice:
cirrhosis
41
18,000 WBCs doesn't indicate:
nephritis
42
Numbness of hands and feet, excessive drinking:
diabetes melitis and PLS
43
20yo w/ anxiety, diarrhea and excessive abdominal bloating:
ulcerative colitis
44
Does diabetes melitis cause PLS?
yes
45
Does alcoholism cause PLS?
yes
46
Does gastritis cause PLS?
yes
47
Does cholecystitis cause PLS?
no
48
Hypospadias:
congential defect on ventral surface (boots)
49
Epispadias:
congential defect on dorsal surface (goggles)
50
Phimosis:
foreskin cannot be fully retracted over the glans penis
51
Paraphimosis:
foreskin becomes trapped behind/under the glans penis
52
Hydrocele:
non-tender, transilluminates, can palpate above mass
53
Scrotal hernia:
does not transilluminate, borborygmi possible, cannot palpate above mass
54
tumor (seminoma):
HCG, often painless nodules, does not transilluminate
55
bag of worms:
dependent edema
56
epidermoid cyst:
common, cutaneous firm, yellow cyst (often multiple in men and women)
57
Epididymitis:
reddened testes, tender, transilluminates, posterior-superior scrotal swelling
58
Testicular torsion:
blunt trauma, painful, swollen, adolescence, surgical emergency
59
Cryptorchism:
non-descending testicle, causes underdeveloped scrotum, increased risk of cancer
60
Priapism:
sustained erection for more than 4 hours
61
Balanitis:
inflamed glans penis
62
What can cause priapism?
erectile dysfunctions drugs, CNS trauma, intracranial pressure
63
Peyronie's:
Crooked erection
64
Acute prostatitis:
fever, warm, tender
65
Chronic prostatitis:
painful ejaculation
66
Benign hypertrophy:
lateral lobes, boggy, smooth, non-tender
67
Prostate cancer:
posterior lobe, firm, nodular, non-tender
68
Lab tests for prostate cancer:
PSA
69
Diagnostics for prostate cancer:
digital rectal exam, biopsy (more specific than PSA)
70
what hernia can women get?
femoral
71
What hernia can older men get?
direct
72
What hernia can younger men get?
indirect