General deck 1 Flashcards
Case History includes
Chief complaint (own words, open ended), present illness (OPQRST), Family, Occupational, Social, ROS
Vital signs
Temp (bacterial: sustained virus: spikes, fever & chills) B/P - systole (110-140) diastole (60-90) pusle pressure (30-40)
Orthostatic hypotension causes
syncope
Icterus
jaundice
cataracts
abscent red light reflex, lense opacity MC cause of vision loss
Retinal detachment
abscent red light reflex, flashing lights, falling curtain
Intracrainal pressure
Papilledema
Introccular pressure
glaucoma (blurred, halos)
Arcus senilis
(iris full of crud) Insignificang, elderly
Corneal arcus
(iris full of crud) significant under 30 years old
Diabetic retinopathy
waxy exudates and microaneursyms
signs of hypertension in the eyes:
flame, cotton wool, copper wires
crusty discharge of the ears:
otitis externa, swimmer’s ear
bulging tympanum:
otitis media
Myringitis:
redness (acute infection)
Meningitis:
common complication
Black eardrum:
perforation
Pearly gray eardrum:
normal
otosclerosis:
chalky white eardrum
Causes of sensorineural hearing loss:
presbycusis, neuroma, meniere’s
Causes of conduction hearing loss:
infections, cerumen, otosclerosis
red nose:
acute rhinitis
pale/gray/blue nose:
allergies and chronic “itis” (polyps)
Foul discharge from the nose:
foreign object
clear discharge from the nose:
CSF and viral infection
Malignant lymph nodes:
non-mobile and non-tender
Benign lymph nodes:
mobile and tender
Supraclavicular lymph nodes:
R: above diaphragm L: everything else
Pancreatitis and pancreas cancer symptoms:
T-10, epigastrum, fetal position, alcoholism
Insulin, polydypsia, polyuria, and polyphagia are associated with:
diabetes mellitus
Tests for the pancreas:
FBS, GTT (8-12 hrs), glycosylated hemoglobin, A1C
Type I Diabetes Mellitus:
Juvenille, thin, insulin dependent
Type II Diabetes Mellitus:
obese, receptor site malfunction
T/F: Gestational diabetes is very dangerous
TRUE
Associated items for cholecystitis and cholelithasis:
female, multiparous, distension, obese, right scapular pain, jaundice, and steatorrhea
Associated items for appendicitis:
WBC 17,500, neutrophilia, Schilling’s shift, periumbilical pain, McBurney’s, relief (burst)
Peptic ulcers:
gastric, duodenal, barium study, infection, heliobacter pylori
Stomach cancer:
Virchow’s node on the left, occult blood
Gastritis:
elderly, alcohol, B12 absorption problems, PLS
Diverticulosis:
elderly, outpouching, fiber
Colon cancer:
abrupt constipation, following polyps
Crohn’s disease:
skip lesions, string sign, rectal bleeding
Ulcerative colitis:
stress, bloody diarrhea, megacolon
Ascites:
Fluid in abdomen with organ failure (tests: fluid wave and puddle sign)
Acute hepatitis:
tender, swollen, boggy, IgM, leukopenia, lymphocytosis
Leukopenia:
decreased WBC
Lymphocytosis:
increased lymph
Chronic hepatitis:
non-tender, swollen, boggy, IgG, increased or normal WBC and enzymes
Cirrhosis:
non-tender, variable, hard (smooth), increased GGT
Liver cancer:
non-tender, swollen, hard (nodular), increased biopsy
Nephrosis:
hypertension, edema, proteinuria, chronic failure, fat oval bodies, all casts
Kidney cystitis:
ascending, e coli, no casts, no fever, nitrates
kindey cancer:
painless bleeding
kidney stones:
20yo, sedentary life style, colicky
pre-eclampsia:
hypertension, edema, proteinuria
eclampsia:
hypertension, edema, proteinuria AND convulsions
RBC casts:
glomerulonephritis
WBC and waxy casts:
pylonephritis
All casts:
nephrosis
hyaline casts:
normal
