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Markov > General Biology : Sir Nico's Materials Cell Modification > Flashcards

General Biology : Sir Nico's Materials Cell Modification Flashcards

1
Q

A type of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell. Functions may include secretion, absorption, movement of luminal contents, locomotion, sensing, and in some organisms, ingestion.

A

Apical Modification

a. Villi/Microvilli
b. Pseudopods
c. Cilia
d. Flagella
e. Root hair

VPCFR

Very Powerful Channel For Real

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2
Q

Function for intercellular connections with the adjacent/neighboring cells.

A

Lateral Modifications

a. Tight Junctions
b. Adherens/Adhering Junction
c. Gap Junction

TAG

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3
Q

Found on the basal surface of the cell for anchorage and/or attachment.

A

Basal Modifications

a. Desmosomes
b. Hemidesmosomes
c. Basal infoldings

DHB

Department of Hover Board

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4
Q

Structure:

o Finger-like cytoplasmic extensions

o Each villus has lacteal (tiny lymphatic vessels that absorb
fatty acids and glycerol)

o One-cell thick to increase the diffusion rate

o Has blood capillary that absorbs glucose and amino acids

o Cells on the villi are packed with microvilli

A

Villi

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5
Q

Present in:

o Apical surface of epithelial cells like in small intestine

A

Villi

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6
Q

Functions:

o Provides a short distance for the diffusion of food
molecules in the blood

o Increases surface area for absorption

A

Villi

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7
Q

Structure:

o Elongated, motile structures on the surface of some
epithelial cells; short hair-like projections

o Made up of microtubules (axoneme: central core)

o Each cilium is connected to a basal body and extends from the free surface

o Exhibits rapid back-and-forth movement

A

Cilia

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8
Q

Present in:
o Paramecium and Balantidium, mammalian
oviduct (respiratory tract: lungs, trachea, paranasal sinus
mucosa, primary bronchus)

A

Cilia

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9
Q

Cillia is present in?

A

-Paramecium
-Balantidium
- Mammalian oviduct
- Respiratory tract: lungs, trachea, paranasal sinus
mucosa, primary bronchus

PBMR

Pinistol ni Bryan Mendoza si Robert

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10
Q

Functions:

o move mammalian ova through oviducts

o clean debris from the respiratory systems of mammals

o locomotion (for protozoa)

A

Cilia

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11
Q

Cillia Locomotion for?

A

Protozoa

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12
Q

Structure:

o Tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body

o Bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two
central microtubules

o Same axial structure with cilia but much longer

A

Flagella

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13
Q

Present in:

o Sperm cell (spermatozoa- only flagellated cell in human
body)
o Mastigophora: Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Giardia
leishmania
o also occur on the gametes of algae, fungi, mosses and
slime molds

A

Flagella

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14
Q

Flagell: Mastigophora

A

-Trypanosoma
-Trichomonas
-Giardia leishmania

TTGl

TarTaGlia

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15
Q

Function:

o locomotion

A

Flagella

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16
Q

Structure:

o Long tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells

A

Root Hair

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17
Q

about 10 micrometers in diameter

A

Root Hair

18
Q

Present in Plant roots

A

Root hair

19
Q

o Aid in plant nutrient acquisition, anchorage, and microbe
interaction

o increase the root’s surface area.

A

Root Hair

20
Q

intercellular adhesion complexes (predominantly two
proteins called claudins and occludins) in epithelia and
endothelia

A

Tight Junctions

21
Q

Present in:

o organs (such as skin), blood vessels, and cavities.

o Bladder and intestine

A

Tight Junctions

22
Q

Tight Junctions is present in?

A
  • Organs (such as skin),
  • Blood vessels
  • Cavities.
  • Bladder
  • Intestine

OBCBI

Order ni Baron Cruz Binili sa Iceland

23
Q

o Form the border between the apical and basolateral cell
surface domains

A

Tight Junctions

24
Q

o establish a barrier that prevents extracellular fluid across a
layer of epithelial cells.

o Prevents leakage of the contents

A

Tight Junctions

25
Q

Structure:
o Has cadherin receptors that bridge the neighboring plasma
membranes

A

Adherens Junction

26
Q

Present in:

o Just below tight junctions; epithelial tissues

A

adherens Junction

27
Q

Function:

o maintain the physical association between cells
o Preserve tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to
actin filaments

A

Adherens Junction

28
Q

Structure:

o composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels
that line up across the intercellular space.

A

Gap Junctions

29
Q

Two connexons of Gap Junction that line up across the intercellular space

A

Hemichannels

30
Q

Present in:

o epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth
muscle (such as that of the intestines).

A

Gap Junctions

31
Q

Gap Junction is present in?

A
  • Epithelia
  • Nerves
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Smooth Muscle

ENCS
Enter New Clan Master Sine Master

32
Q

Functions:

o allow for electrical communication between cells, and also
allow the passage of small second messengers.

o when heart cells need to beat in unison, it allows for the
transmission of electrical signals between the cells.

A

Gap Junctions

33
Q

Structure:

o cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to
intermediate filaments

A

Desmosomes

34
Q

Present in:
o skin epidermis lymphatic endothelial cells

A

Desmosomes

35
Q

Functions:

o anchoring sites for ropelike intermediate filaments, which
form a structural framework of great tensile strength

o act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells,
connecting them

o maintain the cells in a sheet-like formation in organs and
tissues that stretch, such as the skin, heart, and muscles.

o Offer a little bit of space for stress release.

A

Desmosomes

36
Q

o supports the epithelium and also functions as a passive
molecular sieve or ultrafilter.

o These increase surface area for ion transport.

o Present in mitochondria

A

Basal Infoldings

37
Q

o Functions similarly to desmosomes but it specifically
attaches the cell to the basement membrane

o Consists of integrin

A

Hemidesmosomes

38
Q

o cell extensions used for movement and feeding

o They also help in sensing targets which can then be
engulfed made up of actin filaments, microtubules and
intermediate filaments.

o Commonly present in amoeba

A

Pseudopods

39
Q

Pseudopods is commonly present in?

A

Amoeba

40
Q

o Bundle of ________ pairs of microtubules surrounding two
central microtubules

A

Flagella - Nine Pairs

Markov (21 decks)

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