General Biology : Module 6 Cell Modification Flashcards
This type of tissue lines the internal organs and covers the outside of the body
as skin.
Epithelial
This type of tissue includes ligaments, tendons and cartilage.
Connective
This type of cell sends messages throughout the body in the form of electrical
impulse.
Nerve Cell
This type of cells has no nucleus.
RBC (Red Blood Cell)
Cellular adaptation that occurs due to an increase in workload that results in
the number of cells is ___.
Hyperplasia
Is attached by tendons to the bones, which helps you to
regulate your movements consciously.
Skeletal Muscle
- is found in blood vessel walls, digestive tract walls, uterus, urinary
bladder and various other internal structures. - is not striated and its
involuntary, not under conscious control.
Smooth Muscle
- Also called brush/striated border.
- They are finger-like cytoplasmic
extensions of the apical surface which increase surface area for absorption. - Numerous and often regularly arranged and found in absorptive epithelia.
Microvilli
Appears as short hair-like structures or projections.
The core is
composed of microtubules arranged in specific manner and each cilium is connected
to a basal body and extends from the free surface.
Function is for movement/motility
and it beats in coordinated rhythmical wave-like manner that promotes movement
of materials over the surface.
Cilia
They have the same axial structure with cilia but much longer that
also functions with movement. Present in the tail of spermatozoa.
Flagella
Basal Modification
Basal Infoldings
They support the epithelium and also functions as a passive
molecular sieve or ultrafilter. Present also in mitochondria that suggests active
transport is occurring.
Basal Infoldings
Lateral Modification
- Tight Junctions
- Adherens Junction
They are intercellular adhesion complexes in epithelia and
endothelia that control paracellular permeability.
This paracellular diffusion barrier
is semipermeable.
Tight junctions form the border between the apical and basolateral
cell surface domains in polarized epithelia and support the maintenance of cell
polarity by restricting intermixing of apical and basolateral transmembrane
components.
Tight Junctions
This is an element of the cell-cell junction in which
cadherin receptors bridge the neighboring plasma membranes via their hemophilic
reactions.
The actin filaments which make up zonula adherens maintain integrity of
the cell to better bind.
Adherens Junctions
epithelial tissue arrangement for secretion
Cuboidal
specialized pores for exchange of gas
Stomata
Brings water and nutrients from the roots to various parts of the plant.
Xylem
Covers and protect the plant and monitors exchange of gases.
Dermal
Serves mainly for promoting neuronal activity.
Glia
Known as nerve cells.
Neurons
Which of the following types of tissue is responsible for body movement?
Muscular
Which of this tissues support the young plants and woody plants?
Collenchyma Tissue
Spermatozoa is propelled by ___.
undulating thread-like flagellum
Which of the following statements is NOT true about why red blood cells lack
a nucleus?
a. Nucleus is the control center of the cell.
b. Enabling more oxygen to be transported in the blood.
c. Enables the red blood cells to contain more hemoglobin.
d. A specialized adaptation of RBC to be able to perform its function.
a. Nucleus is the control center of the cell.
Which of the following statements is NOT a cell modification that leads to
adaptation?
a. Plant cells have a large amounts of the chloroplast which allows the cell to
undergo photosynthesis.
b. Muscle cells are made up primarily of a pair of special proteins called actin
and myosin which allows muscle to contract.
c. Nerve cells have specialized structure called dendrites which receive an
electrical signal from another neuron and an axon which transmits the
electrical signal to another neuron.
d. None of the above.
None of the Above
