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Bacteriology > General Bacteriology > Flashcards

General Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

cell wall of gram positive

A 
peptidoglycan,
teichoic acid,
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
waxes
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2
Q

Cell wall of gram negative

A

Peptidoglycans
LPS
porins

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3
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane

A 
2/3 protein
1/3 lipids
no sterols
phospholipids
energy prodution, invaginations
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4
Q

Nuclear material

A

single chromosome 1-2mm, superhelix

haploid ring

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5
Q

Capsule, components

A 
Polysaccharide, 
hyaluronic acid
polypeptide
in order of commonness 
glycocalyx
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6
Q

How do you examin unstained live bacteria?

A

Hanging drop or wet chamber

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7
Q

Why can’t you examine a bacteria unstained?

A

They have no cell material thus no contrast material, except ribosomes

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8
Q

What is simple staining

A

Staining which reacts with all microbes in an identical fashion, increases contrast

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9
Q

Differential staining methods

A

Gram - blue or pink
Ziehl neelson - red or blue mycobacterium
Koster - red brucella
Stamp - chlamydia chlamydophila

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10
Q

Gram staining

A 
Nacl
Crystal violet - 3-5
lugol 1-2
96% alcohol 5-6 drops
fuchsin 0.5-1min
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11
Q

Ziehl Neelsen

A 
Strong carbol fuchsin heat three times
wash
sulphuric 5% alcohol 96%
wash methylene blue 1-2min
wash
red is positive blue negative
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12
Q

Components of a bacteria

A

85-90% water
2-15% proteins or minerals
2-40% waxes/lipids
upto 50% carbs, higher in gram negative

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13
Q

Things that help move materials across bacterial membranes

A

Porin protiens
permease
extracellular enzymes

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14
Q

Autotrophic bacteria

A

Utilize INORGANIC C&N
all saprophytes
Phototropic - chloroplasts, upper layer of fresh/salt water
Chemotropic - Oxidates inorganic material, make nitrogen usable for plants, nitrobacter, or found in deep water.

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15
Q

Heterotrop bacteria

A

Majority saprophytes but all pathogenic bacteria are heterotropic
ORGANIC Carbon demand
INORGANIC N, amino acids or proteins

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16
Q

What are paratropic bacteria

A

Cannot be cultured on artificial media need unknown addatives

17
Q

Addatives some bacteria need

A

NAD, haemophilus/actinocacillus - Vfactor
Haem, haemophillus - Xfactor
Mycobactin, mycobacterium avium ssp. PTB
DNA hydrolisate, Mycoplasm

18
Q

Products of nitrogen metabolism

A

Amines - histamine, cadaverine, putrescene
Keto- acids
Acids - lactic, acetic, butyric and valeric
NH3, CO2, H2O, H2,H2S idole

19
Q

Detection f nitrate metabolism

A

Nitrate reduction - illosvay reagent
Urease production - carbamide
Phenylalanine deaminase - phenyl pyruvic acid
H2S production
Indole production - kovacs reagent tryptophan to indole
lysine decarboxylase

20
Q

Aims of culturing

A

Diagnostic - isolation
Vaccine production
industry - food fermentaion, antibiotics

21
Q

How do you classify media

A

Aim - common, selective or differential
State - solid, semi solid or liquid
Origin - natural artificial or synthetic

22
Q

What is the difference between selective and differential culture

A

Selective contains antibiotics or other material to inhibit the growth of unwanted bacteria
Differential is an indicator due to biochemical reactions on the media. often containing fermentable sugars and a PH indicator

23
Q

Name some artificial cultures

A

Nutrient
Blood - differential 10% ox/ov blood, chocolate 80deg x 20min
MacConkeys - selective, bile salts and crystal violet
Lactose +
Salt Mannitol - 10% NaCl staphylococcus selective

24
Q

Culture additives

A

C source - saccharides, glycosides, alcohols
N source - anorganic N like ammonium salts or nitrates, AA - peptone or triptone
Native protein
Viatmins - B1/2 lactobacilli
V/X factor haemophilus

25
Q

Demands of a disinfectant

A 
Low cost
Broad spectrum
Not toxic to host or env
homogenous, odourless, soluable, stable
good penetrance
detergent effect
not corrosive
26
Q

Factors influencing the effectivity of a disinfectant

A 
Temperature increases effectivity
Duration of contact
Concentration of dissinfectant
Nature of surface
PH
Bacterial resistance
Amount of bacteria
27
Q

Characterisation of disinfectant activity

A 
Side effects
Species killed
Species inactivated
Speed
Phenol coefficient
28
Q

Groups of disinfectants

A 
Halogens
Aldehydes
Oxidative
alcohols
detergents
phenol compounds
acids
alkalies
dyes
sterilising gases
29
Q

Principles of antibiotic therapy

A 
Correct diagnosis 
Correct dosage duration
Correct dose
Usage of the most effective antibiotic
Exceed ED in the infected tissue

Bacteriology (8 decks)

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