General

Question 1

What does a raised ALP but normal GGT indicate?

Answer 1

The raised ALP is of bone origin

Question 2

What type of antibodies are detected in 98% of cases of primary biliary cirrhosis?

Answer 2

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

Question 3

What causes corkscrew appearence of an oesophagus on an x-ray?

Answer 3

Oesophageal spasms

Question 4

What is chelitis?

Answer 4

Angular stomatitis

Fissuring of the mouth corners due to iron or vitamin B2 deficiency

Question 5

What is the treatment for minor ulcers?

Answer 5

Avoid oral trauma + acidic/crunchy foods

Tetracycline or antimicrobial mouthwash

Question 6

What is the treatment for mild community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 6

Amoxicillin 5 days ORAL

If penicillin allergic:
Doxycycline ORAL

Question 7

What is the treatment for severe community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 7

Co-amoxiclav IV + Doxycycline ORAL

If penicillin allergic:
Levofloxacin instead

Question 8

If in ICU/HDU, what is the treatment for severe community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 8

Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin

If penicillin allergic:
Levofloxacin instead

Question 9

What is the treatment for severe hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 9

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

If penicillin allergic:
IV Co-trimoxazole instead

Question 10

What is the treatment for a non-severe case of hospital acquired pneumonia?

Answer 10

Oral amoxicillin and metronidazole

If penicillin allergic then oral co-trimoxazole

Question 11

What is the treatment for a non-severe C.diff infection?

Answer 11

Metronidazole ORAL

Question 12

What is the treatment for a severe C.diff infection?

Answer 12

Vancomycin +/- IV metronidazole

Question 13

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

Answer 13

Ceftriaxone IV

Question 14

What is the treatment for peritonitis/Biliary tract/Intra-abdominal infections?

Answer 14

IV Amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Step down to ORAL Co-trimoxazole and metronidazole

If penicillin allergic:
Use IV vancomycin

Question 15

If a patient undergoes an ileocaecal resecution for Crohn’s, what type of supplementation are they going to require?

Answer 15

Vitamin B12

Question 16

What does vasopressin and terlipressin do?

Answer 16

Narrow blood vessels - treatment of oesophageal varices

Question 17

When using the Child-Pugh grading system for variceal bleeding, what variables need to be assessed?

Answer 17

Prothrombin time
Bilirubin
Albumin

Question 18

HBV IgM antibody is an indicator what?

Answer 18

Acute Hepatitis infection

Question 19

What does the HBV ‘e’ antigen indicate?

Answer 19

HBV ‘e’ antigen indicates infectivity (high is infective)

Question 20

What does the HBV ‘e’ antibody indicate?

Answer 20

Chronic infection

Low infectivity

Question 21

What does the HBV core antibody show?

Answer 21

Previous resloved or ongoing infection

Question 22

What does the HBV surface antibody indicate?

Answer 22

Vaccine or natural immunity

Question 23

What is the treatment for acute encephalopathy?

Answer 23

Lactulose

Question 24

A patient comes in with peritoneal fluid, peripheral fluid distribution and leuconychia. What causes this?

Answer 24

Hypoalbuminaemia

Question 25

If PPIs do not work for a patient, what can be given instead?

Answer 25

H2 antagonists or prokinetics e.g. metoclopramide

Question 26

A patient comes in unconscious with their eyes rolled back in their head. They are on drugs for indigestion. What has caused this?

Answer 26

Metoclopramide

Question 27

What does the coeliac trunk split into?

Answer 27

Splenic artery Left gastric artery Common hepatic artery