Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is alendronic acid and what is it used for?

What is a side effect?

A

Bisphosphonates

Prevent bone loss and used in osteoporosis

Stomach irritation so must be taken 30mins before food and patient must not lie down for at least 30mins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the treatment for allergic oesophagitis?

A

Steroids

Chromoglycate

Montelukast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is sulfasalazine?

A

5-ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sulfasalazine used to treat?

A

Ulcerative colitis

can be used in conjunction with other therapies in Crohn’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are mesalazine, osalazine and basalazide all examples of?

A

5-ASA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of drugs can be used in IBD?

A

Aminosalicylates (5-ASA)
Glucocorticoids
Immunosuppressants
Biological agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of glucocorticoids that can be used in the treatment of UC and Crohn’s?

A

Prednisolone

ORAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are glucocorticoids used as a long term treatment of IBD?

A

No, used until remission is induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is azathioprine and what is it used in?

A

Immunosuppresant used in IBD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does azathioprine do?

A

Inhibits T-lymphocyte function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is ciclosporin and what is it used for?

A

Immunosuppressant in IBD

NOT FIRST LINE

Renal toxicity

Poor oral efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is infliximab

A

Biological agent used in IBD

Monoclonal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What drugs can be given for IBS?

A

Antispasmodics

Laxatives (not lactulose)

Antimotility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first line antimotility drug given in IBS?

A

Loperamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is loperamide and what is it used to treat?

A

Antimotility

IBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some examples of antispasmodic drugs used in IBS?

A

Antimuscarinic compounds e.g. dicycloverine hydrochloride

Direct smooth muscle relaxants e.g. alverine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is amitriptyline and what is it used to treat?

A

Tricyclic antidepressant

Used to treat IBS (lower than antidepressant dose)

Used when antispasmodics fail to relieve pain and cramps

Reduces visceral hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can be used to treat visceral hypersensitivity in IBS?

A

Antidepressants e.g. amitriptyline

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What types of bacteria have a short incubation time (1-6hrs)?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillus cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the name of the bacteria that has a short incubation period and is heat resistant to spores?

A

Bacillus cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What bacteria is found in improperly cooked/refrigerated rice?

A

Bacillus cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What types of bacteria have a medium incubation period (12-48hrs)?

A

Salmonella

C.perfringens

23
Q

What type of symptoms do bacteria that have long incubation periods usually give?

A

Diarrhoea - often bloody

Due to invasion/toxins in gut

24
Q

What is the commonest bacterial GI infection?

A

Campylobacter

25
Q

What is the second commonest bacterial GI infection?

A

Salmonella

26
Q

What tests do all stools that get sent to the lab get?

A

Salmonella

Shigella

Campylobacter

E.coli 0157

Cryptosporidium

27
Q

What do all stools from patients over the age of 15 recieve?

A

Testing for C.diff

28
Q

How long does it take to get a culture result?

A

48hrs

29
Q

What is the incubation period of campylobacter?

A

16-48hrs

30
Q

Where does campylobacter usually come from?

A

Poultry

raw milk

31
Q

What class of antibiotics is campylobacter treated with?

A

Macrolides

e.g. clarythromycin

32
Q

What is an example of a macrolide?

A

Azithromycin

Clarythromycin

33
Q

Which pathogen is this?

Risk of bacteraemia
Can seed

Can be sustained or intermittent (sickle cell, AIDS)

A

Salmonella

34
Q

What is the incubation period for salmonella?

A

12-48hrs

35
Q

Where is salmonella found?

A

Poultry

Meat

Raw egg

Animal gut where it multiplies in food

36
Q

What are the commonest groups of salmonellae locally?

A

B
C
D

37
Q

What bacteria produces cytotoxins?

A

E.coli

verotoxins

38
Q

What type of agar do they use for EHEC typing (testing for E.coli)?

A

McConkey agar

39
Q

What do verotoxins/shiga-like toxins do?

A

Bind to receptors found on renal cells, RBC, and others

Inhibits protein synthesis

Causes cell death

40
Q

What are the common symptoms of Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)?

A 
Abdo pain
Fever
Pallor
Petechiae
Oliguria
Bloody diarrhoea
Most patients under 16yrs old
41
Q

A patient’s bloods come back. They have:

High white cells
Low platelets
Low HB
Red cell fragments
LDH > 1.5 x normal

What do they have?

A

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

42
Q

What investigations do you perform on someone who you suspect has HUS?

A

Send stool culture samples (all patients with bloody faeces)

Send U&Es, FBC, film, LFT, clotting, urine, dipstick/micro, lactate, dehydrogenase

43
Q

What is the treatment for HUS?

A

Close monitoring

Admission

NO antibiotics

No anti-motility agents

No NSAIDS

44
Q

You must notify the health protection unit (HPU) if a patient has what 2 diseases?

A

HUS

E.coli 0157

45
Q

What type of common bacteria produces a shiga toxin?

A

E.coli

46
Q

What type of bacteria can be invasive (bacteraemia) in immunosuppressed patients?

A

Campylobacter

Salmonella

47
Q

What virus is commonest in kids under 3 and has symptoms such as:
Vomiting then mild NON-BLOODY diarrhoea

Moderate fever

Symptoms lasting around a week

A

Rotavirus

48
Q

What virus is classically known as the ‘winter vomiting disease’?

A

Norovirus

49
Q

How long does norovirus last?

A

2-4 days

50
Q

What is the treatment for rotavirus and norovirus?

A

Hydration

51
Q

What is the treatment for Severe C.diff?

A

Vancomycin PO +/- metronidazole

52
Q

What is the treatment for non-severe C.diff?

A

Metronidazole PO

53
Q

What is the treatment for severe proven spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

A

Piperacillin/Tazobactam IV

Then step down to Co-trimoxazole PO

54
Q

What is the treatment for mild spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?

A

Co-trimoxazole

GI (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions