Gene-Behaviour Associations in Development Flashcards
Define
ADHD
a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity. It begins in childhood and often lasts into adulthood
Define
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour.
Define
Candidate gene
Any gene thought likely to cause a disease
Define
Epigenetics
the study of how gene activity is regulated, and how genes are expressed, independent of an individual’s genetic sequence
Define
Fragile X disorder
an inherited condition characterized by an X chromosome that is abnormally susceptible to damage, especially by folic acid deficiency. Affected individuals tend to have limited intellectual functions
Define
Heritability
how much of the variation in a given trait can be attributed to genetic variation
Define
Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)
a research framework for new approaches to investigating mental disorders. It integrates many levels of information (from genomics and circuits to behavior and self-reports) in order to explore basic dimensions of functioning that span the full range of human behavior from normal to abnormal
Define
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide
Define
Williams syndrome
a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning problems, unique personality characteristics, distinctive facial features, and heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) problems
Definition
a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity. It begins in childhood and often lasts into adulthood
ADHD
Definition
a developmental disorder of variable severity that is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behaviour.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Definition
Any gene thought likely to cause a disease
Candidate gene
Definition
the study of how gene activity is regulated, and how genes are expressed, independent of an individual’s genetic sequence
Epigenetics
Definition
an inherited condition characterized by an X chromosome that is abnormally susceptible to damage, especially by folic acid deficiency. Affected individuals tend to have limited intellectual functions
Fragile X disorder
Definition
how much of the variation in a given trait can be attributed to genetic variation
Heritability
Definition
a research framework for new approaches to investigating mental disorders. It integrates many levels of information (from genomics and circuits to behavior and self-reports) in order to explore basic dimensions of functioning that span the full range of human behavior from normal to abnormal
Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)
Definition
a difference in a single DNA building block, called a nucleotide
Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
Definition
a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning problems, unique personality characteristics, distinctive facial features, and heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) problems
Williams syndrome
What can we achieve by studying gene-behaviour relationships in neurodevelopmental disorders that have a strong genetic origin?
- Improve diagnostic reliability
- Reduce time to diagnosis
- Tease apart the causes of problem behaviours
- Develop sensitive and appropriate treatment options
What are the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders?
Interuterine environment
Extrauterine environment
Genetics
What factors of a interuterine environment can affect neurodevelopmental disorders?
Hormone imbalance, interuterine infection, consumption of alcohol, tobacco or illicit drugs during pregnancy
What factors of an extrauterine environment can affect neurodevelopmental disorders?
Preterm birth, traumatic birth injury, exposure to heavy metals