gender as a cause of crime Flashcards
intro
males are seen to be more agressive - more likely to commit crime ,than females supported by the statistics that in 2024, 96% of the prison population was males, in 2015 84% of arrests made by police was males, 98% of sexual crimes were by males, muder 93%, women seem to commit less violent crimes such as fraud or theft.
brain injury A01
- boys are more likely to recieve a TBI especially in teen years than women 14% boys compared to 5% females, this is because males are more likely to take part in physical activies such as in jobs and social life: construction, car racing, fighting.
if areas of the brain are damaged e.g. PFC which is involved in decision making , planning, problem solving and inhibiting impulses from the amygdala.
damage- impulsive, unabvle to plan concequences of behaviour
brain injury - A03
strength: williams suggested that young people are most at risk of TBI, 8.5% of the population, especially males over females, he conducted a study in a prison and found that in adult young males 60% had a TBI, and he suggested the reason for their crime was the inability to control impulsivity
weakness: correlational, there is male criminals with no TBI and non criminals with TBI e.g. james fallon therefore there must be other factors such as hormones casuing this correlation
XYY A01
only males can develop XYY, as females havw XX chromosone
this is when males have one extra Y chronosone on their 46th chromosone-47
this leads them to have behavioural and learning difficultires such as alower IQ which can lead to fustration as well as short temper and act to gain immediate reward
XYY A03
strength: jacobs 7 out of 196, in a mental hospital in edinburugh which is overrepresentation 1/1000 in general population but this is 15/1000
weakness: reductionist, hormones, personality
social learning theory- A01
social learning theory suggests that we learn throughobservation and immiation of our role models. role models generally same gender, older such as a father to a son, as there is a higher % of male criminals, sons may see their fathers acting agressively, stealing, getting into fights and prehaps recieving rewards through more money, status- want to immiatate
social learning theory A03
strength: BANDURA 25.8, 12.4
weakness: although deterministic suggests that have no free will and …. what about vivarious punishment if sent to prison
amygdala A01
the left side of the amygdala seems to be more enhanced in females than males, this side of th eamygdala is involved in emotional processing / understanding, thought, along with reward and motivation. women tend to process emotions differently to men the left side of the amygdala has greater connectivity with other areas of the brain such as the PFC which helps women moderate agressive imulses more efficiently lowering crime rates
right side is more enhanced in males which is onvolved with interpreting facial expressions , action and fear, dysfunction can lead to misintepreting facial expressions as well as incorrect fear regulation …
amygdala A03
girls generally showed more empathy than boys which they suggested the reason to be differences im empathy related neurocircitiry between boys and girls, amygdala key in processing emptional responses implies that amygdala woeks differently in males and females
application
SLT + pro social role models on TV and in schools
early intevention- pre screening boys
