ethical interviews

Question 1

intro

Answer 1

ethical interviews were created in response to the concern about traditional police interviews which main aim is to get a confession out of the individual which was done so in unethical ways by such agression, threatening, beating, torture, physical violence which would carry on until a confession was made. this lead to false confessions where individuals confessed to stop the pain etc or may have even refused to take part . ethical interviewing focuses on building a rapport avoiding negatove emotions

Question 2

A01.1

Answer 2

first stage- preperarion and planning, interviewee should have a topic of interest established as well as clear aims and objectives, questions designed and consider location, time and recording procedure also any legal requirements e.g. lawyer as well as consifering individuals rights e.g. special needs or if any of procedure will be stressful

Question 3

A03.1

Answer 3

weakness: walsh and milne suggested that even after police trianing, officers still lacked the ability to build a good rapport, taking extra time is ineffective, causing extra delays for no reaon, officers must be hughly skilled to carry out this inverview making it much more difficukt compared to standard interview

strength: much better ethically than traditional interviews, tailored to specific situation, such as additional needs, avoids presuasive accusing language- feel pressured into confessing even if not guilty or refuce cooperation - chrisrianson found that ina postal questioanire large majoroity of suspects percieve interviews as displaying impatience, lack of emptahty, felt insulted as human beings, charachterised by agression

Question 4

A01.2

Answer 4

stage 2- explain and enagage
build a rapport
ensure individual is aware and explain exactly what will happen during interview, discuss their rights so that there is no imbalence of power - promotes open communication if dont understand rephrase in simpler terms- engage with individual ask them about life, small talk, if thwy want any food or drink, build trust more likely to engage. ensure treated with respect and no judgement

Question 5

A03.2

Answer 5

roberts found that original police interviewing in some cases caused issues with communitity. agressive onterviews led to unrelaible information and broken relationships with community, ethical interviews wnsures reliable information is gained and builds better relationship with society, gain trust, where individuals mor elikely to come forward as they have heard its not as bad as they think

Question 6

A01.3

Answer 6

account- think carefully about order ask questions in, open questions prompting elaboration, not confrontational,inacurracies/ indocnsistencys should be left until the end to avoid confusion/ confabulation
no coercsion or deception

Question 7

A03.3

Answer 7

strenght- walsh and bull- 142 suspects of a social security case and found that compared other methods each aspect of PEACE helped develop much betterquality and quantitiy of information, securing full accounts and confessions highlighting value each stage of PEACE.

weakness/ strength of above

weakness: walshe and milne 99 pre recorded interviews found comparing trained and untrained interviewers, trained interviewrs showed increased use of open questions fufilment of legal requiremnets and reduced breach of ethics. whereas untrained, little evidence of planning, unfifilment on key topics/ motives - necessary points- needs futher training

Question 8

A01.4

Answer 8

final stages- closure and evaluate
bring interview to a close avoiding negaitve emotions e.g. anxiety/ anger, evaluate results compared to aims and objectives and identify any missing information needed to obtain and make individual aware may be contacted for futher info- must levae in same state came in

Question 9

A03.4

Answer 9

weakness- PEACE = very time consuming, only can hold suspect for 24 hours without charge police officers may get fustarted and verge from structure to get an answer out of suspects

Question 10

application

Answer 10

gather a more accurate account than other interviews such as standard police interviews. Therefore, this prevents wrong convictions and encourages police to carry out these procedures in order to avoid criminals roaming free and posing a threat to society.
there is limited evidence for ethical interviewing so it may not be an effective way of successfully identifying suspects and making accurate convictions. Engage & explain and closure are the least intuitive so suggests that training on these areas should be developed