Gen paeds

Question 1

Diagnostic tools for autism?

Answer 1

Toddlers: Modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT)

> 36mo:
ADI-R + ADOS +/- CARS/GARS

Question 2

What is the WISC, what does it test/is it used to measure?

Answer 2

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
- Intelligence test for 6-16yrs
- Tests distractibility, perceptual organisation, speed of information processing & verbal comprehension
- Useful to evaluate intelligence, give background but not as helpful with diagnosis of ADHD/learning disabilities

Question 2

What is the WISC, what does it test/is it used to measure?

Answer 2

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
- Intelligence test for 6-16yrs
- Tests distractibility, perceptual organisation, speed of information processing & verbal comprehension
- Useful to evaluate intelligence, give background but not as helpful with diagnosis of ADHD/learning disabilities

Question 3

DDx parasomnias

Answer 3

Night terrors
- 3%, M>F, 18mo-7yrs
- NREM 3-4 (first half)
- Awakes screaming, cannot be consoled, no recollection
- Worse with sleep deprivation/meds

Nightmares
- REM (second half)
- Recalled on waking/difficulty going back to sleep

Seperation anxiety
- 9-18mo
- Sleep refusal/clingy
- Night awakening

Question 4

Prevalence of nocturnal enuresis at 5,7,10,15+ yrs

Answer 4

5yrs: 15%

7yrs: 10%

10yrs: 5%

> 15yrs: 1-2%

Question 5

When does a child develop object permanence?

Answer 5

Can uncover an object seen being hidden: 8-12mo

Can uncover an object without seeing it hidden: 12-18mo

Question 6

When do primitive reflexes disappear?

Answer 6

Galant - 1-2mo
Fencing- 2-3mo
Rooting- 2-3mo
Moro- 6mo
Palmar grasp - 6mo
Plantar/Babinksi- 10mo

Parachute (outstreched hands when falling)- onset 8-9mo, for life

Question 7

IQ tests and age appropriateness.

Answer 7

Bailey 1m-3y (gold standard)
Griffiths 0-8yrs
Peabody picture 2-4yrs
WIPPSI 2-7yrs
McCarthy 2-8yrs
WISC- 5-18yrs

Question 8

What does the Bailey scale test?

Answer 8

1m-3.5yrs
Development
Cognition
Language
Motor skills

Question 9

What does the Griffith scale test?

Answer 9

Personal/social
Hearing/language
Hand-eye coordination
Performance
Practical reasoning
Motor skills

Question 10

What does the Weschler scale test?

Answer 10

Verbal comprehension
Visual spatial understanding
Fluid reasoning
Processing speed
WM

Gives IQ score

Question 10

What does the Weschler scale test?

Answer 10

Verbal comprehension
Visual spatial understanding
Fluid reasoning
Processing speed
WM

Gives IQ score

Question 11

Limitations/benefits of Denver 2 scale. Age range?

Answer 11

0-6yrs

Most widely researched
Mod predictive value, better sensitivity for language delays
Easy to use

Crude- not good as a screening test

Question 12

Limitations/benefits of PEDS scale. Age range?

Answer 12

0-8yrs <5mins

Rapid, good sensitivity/specificity

Relies on parental observations being accurate

Question 13

Limitations/benefits of ASQ scale. Age range?

Answer 13

0-4yrs
15-20mins

Completed at home, good sensitivity and specificity

May fail to identify uop to 13% of dev delay

Question 14

Best evidence for management of stutters?

Answer 14

Speech pathologist – Lidcombe Program 🡪 BEST EVIDENCE

Parents maintain normal conversation

Question 15

Define velopharyngeal insufficiency

Answer 15

absence of normal closure between soft palate (velum) and pharyngeal wall, allowing air to escape into nasal quality

Question 16

Define velopharyngeal insufficiency

Answer 16

absence of normal closure between soft palate (velum) and pharyngeal wall, allowing air to escape into nasal quality

Question 17

Phonological delay

Answer 17

can make a sound correctly but use it in the wrong position

Question 18

Verbal Dyspraxia

Answer 18

cannot voluntarily coordinate their muscles to produce the right speech sounds or words

Question 19

Semantic Pragmatic Disorder

Answer 19

trouble understanding the meaning of what others are saying, challenged in using language appropriately