GCSE History OCR B (The Elizabethans 1580 - 1603) Section 3: The catholic threat Flashcards
Define “Jesuit”
A catholic priest who were specifically trained to convert people to Catholicism
When did Jesuits start to arrive In England?
Early 1580s
Where did Jesuits train?
Special seminaries in Catholic countries such as France, Spain and Italy.
Who was the leader of the English Jesuits?
Edmund Campion
How did Jesuits evade the authorities?
Rich catholic nobles hid them in “priest holes”
What role did Francis Walsingham have in Elizabeth’s court?
A member of the privy council
How did Walsingham prevent Jesuits from converting people to Christianity?
He employed hundreds of agents who tracked down and arrested Jesuits and Catholic plotters
He employed priest hunters to catch catholic priests
What was the punishment given to Edmund Campion in 1581 after he was caught by Walsingham’s agents?
He was hung, drawn and quartered
What relation did Mary QoS have to Elizabeth?
Mary was Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin
Why was Mary forced to flee from Scotland?
A protestant rebellion
When was Mary QoS first arrested by the English?
1568
Why did Mary’s QoS have a strong claim to the English throne?
State 3 reasons.
1) Mary was Henry the 8th’s great-niece and Elizabeth’s cousin.
2) The public believed that Mary had a more legitimate claim than Elizabeth.
3) Mary had a son and an heir, unlike Elizabeth.
Why was Mary QoS a figurehead for Catholic rebellions?
State 2 reasons.
1) Until Elizabeth had an heir, Mary was next in line to the throne.
2) This encouraged Catholics to rebel against Elizabeth or plot to assassinate her.
What 3 powerful allies did Mary QoS have?
Phillip of Spain, the French and the Pope.
They all plotted to get Mary onto the throne.
Why did Elizabeth refuse to execute Mary?
1) Mary was her cousin
2) Elizabeth did not want to execute a fellow queen.
Summarise the 1583 Throckmorton plot.
A young catholic noble plotted with the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne.
Who was the Throckmorton plot backed by?
Phillip of Spain and the Pope
Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?
Walsingham’s spies.
What happened to Throckmorton after his plot was discovered?
He was tortured and then executed.
Summarise the 1586 Babington Plot.
A young catholic noble, Babington, plotted with Phillip of Spain and the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne.
How did Babington communicate with Mary while she was imprisoned?
He communicated with Mary by hiding coded letters in beer barrels that went to Mary’s prison.
How did Cecil and Walsingham get Elizabeth to sign Mary’s death warrant and what was the consequence of this?
They minipulated her into it.
Mary was beheaded and Elizabeth was furious, she refused to talk to him for a year.
When did the Anglo-Spanish war start?
Early 1580s
When was the Spanish Armada launched?
1588
State 3, out of a possible 5, reasons why England had a rivalry with Spain.
1) Elizabeth had refused to marry Phillp of Spain.
2) English explorers, like Francis Drake, stole gold from Spanish treasure ships.
3) Phillip supported Catholic plots agaisnt Elizabeth
4) in 1585, Elizabeth encouraged sending 7000 soldiers to the Netherlands to support Protestant rebellions against Phillip.
5) The execution of Mary QoS in 1587 angered Phillip
How many ships were part of the Spanish Armada?
130
Why did Spainish mistakes cause the Armada to fail?
The leader of the Armada had no experience sailing and got sea sick.
The Spanish army was a week late, leaving the armada vulnerable to attack.
Why did the strength of the English cause the armada to fail?
The english used fireships to break the Armada’s formation.
The English ships were more smaller and more menuverable than the Spanish ships.
How did the weather benefit the English?
The Armada was driven north by a storm and forced to return to Spain via Scotland and Ireland.
Over 40 ships were wrecked by this storm.
