GCSE History OCR B (The Elizabethans 1580 - 1603) Section 3: The catholic threat

Question 1

Define “Jesuit”

Answer 1

A catholic priest who were specifically trained to convert people to Catholicism

Question 2

When did Jesuits start to arrive In England?

Answer 2

Early 1580s

Question 3

Where did Jesuits train?

Answer 3

Special seminaries in Catholic countries such as France, Spain and Italy.

Question 4

Who was the leader of the English Jesuits?

Answer 4

Edmund Campion

Question 5

How did Jesuits evade the authorities?

Answer 5

Rich catholic nobles hid them in “priest holes”

Question 6

What role did Francis Walsingham have in Elizabeth’s court?

Answer 6

A member of the privy council

Question 7

How did Walsingham prevent Jesuits from converting people to Christianity?

Answer 7

He employed hundreds of agents who tracked down and arrested Jesuits and Catholic plotters
He employed priest hunters to catch catholic priests

Question 8

What was the punishment given to Edmund Campion in 1581 after he was caught by Walsingham’s agents?

Answer 8

He was hung, drawn and quartered

Question 9

What relation did Mary QoS have to Elizabeth?

Answer 9

Mary was Elizabeth’s Catholic cousin

Question 10

Why was Mary forced to flee from Scotland?

Answer 10

A protestant rebellion

Question 11

When was Mary QoS first arrested by the English?

Answer 11

1568

Question 12

Why did Mary’s QoS have a strong claim to the English throne?
State 3 reasons.

Answer 12

1) Mary was Henry the 8th’s great-niece and Elizabeth’s cousin.
2) The public believed that Mary had a more legitimate claim than Elizabeth.
3) Mary had a son and an heir, unlike Elizabeth.

Question 13

Why was Mary QoS a figurehead for Catholic rebellions?
State 2 reasons.

Answer 13

1) Until Elizabeth had an heir, Mary was next in line to the throne.
2) This encouraged Catholics to rebel against Elizabeth or plot to assassinate her.

Question 14

What 3 powerful allies did Mary QoS have?

Answer 14

Phillip of Spain, the French and the Pope.
They all plotted to get Mary onto the throne.

Question 15

Why did Elizabeth refuse to execute Mary?

Answer 15

1) Mary was her cousin
2) Elizabeth did not want to execute a fellow queen.

Question 16

Summarise the 1583 Throckmorton plot.

Answer 16

A young catholic noble plotted with the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne.

Question 17

Who was the Throckmorton plot backed by?

Answer 17

Phillip of Spain and the Pope

Question 18

Who uncovered the Throckmorton plot?

Answer 18

Walsingham’s spies.

Question 19

What happened to Throckmorton after his plot was discovered?

Answer 19

He was tortured and then executed.

Question 20

Summarise the 1586 Babington Plot.

Answer 20

A young catholic noble, Babington, plotted with Phillip of Spain and the French to invade England and put Mary on the throne.

Question 21

How did Babington communicate with Mary while she was imprisoned?

Answer 21

He communicated with Mary by hiding coded letters in beer barrels that went to Mary’s prison.

Question 22

How did Cecil and Walsingham get Elizabeth to sign Mary’s death warrant and what was the consequence of this?

Answer 22

They minipulated her into it.
Mary was beheaded and Elizabeth was furious, she refused to talk to him for a year.

Question 23

When did the Anglo-Spanish war start?

Answer 23

Early 1580s

Question 24

When was the Spanish Armada launched?

Answer 24

1588

Question 25

State 3, out of a possible 5, reasons why England had a rivalry with Spain.

Answer 25

1) Elizabeth had refused to marry Phillp of Spain.
2) English explorers, like Francis Drake, stole gold from Spanish treasure ships.
3) Phillip supported Catholic plots agaisnt Elizabeth
4) in 1585, Elizabeth encouraged sending 7000 soldiers to the Netherlands to support Protestant rebellions against Phillip.
5) The execution of Mary QoS in 1587 angered Phillip

Question 26

How many ships were part of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 26

130

Question 27

Why did Spainish mistakes cause the Armada to fail?

Answer 27

The leader of the Armada had no experience sailing and got sea sick.
The Spanish army was a week late, leaving the armada vulnerable to attack.

Question 28

Why did the strength of the English cause the armada to fail?

Answer 28

The english used fireships to break the Armada’s formation.
The English ships were more smaller and more menuverable than the Spanish ships.

Question 29

How did the weather benefit the English?

Answer 29

The Armada was driven north by a storm and forced to return to Spain via Scotland and Ireland.
Over 40 ships were wrecked by this storm.