GCSE History OCR B (The Elizabethans 1580 - 1603) Section 1: Inheritance, Religious division and the religious settlement

Question 1

Which 2 members of Elizebeth’s family had been kings of England?

Answer 1

Henry VIII + Henry VII

Question 2

Which 2 Tudor monarchs ruled but didn’t have an heir?

Answer 2

Edward VI + Mary

Question 3

When did Mary die and what happened after her death?

Answer 3

1558
Elizabeth inherited the throne

Question 4

After Elizabeth took the throne, what was the initial attitude towards her rule?

Answer 4

She had an illegitimate claim to the throne

Question 5

Who was Elizabeth’s mother and what happened to her?

Answer 5

Anne Boleyn (Henry the 8th’s second wife)
She was beheaded and Henry annulled their marriage.

Question 6

What was the public’s concerns about having a woman on the throne?

Answer 6

As 16th century England was a patriarchal society, people were worried that a female monarch could not lead their armies into a battle and would only do what their husbands wanted.

Question 7

How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?

Answer 7

£300,000

Question 8

How did Elizabeth respond to the debt she inherited?

Answer 8

She raised taxes in order to pay back the debt, however this had limited impact as she also accrued more debt by taking out loans to fund an army and a naval fleet.

Question 9

How did the reformation change English religious beliefs?

Answer 9

Protestants started to challenge Catholic beliefs.
Groups of Protestants, called the Puritans, challenged these beliefs even further.

Question 10

State 1 difference between a Catholic and Protestant church.

Answer 10

Catholic churches - Coulourful images, decorated alters
Protestant churches - Plain walls, wooden alters

Question 11

What was Elizabeth’s opinion on the Puritans?

Answer 11

She disliked the extremism of the puritans

Question 12

Which areas of England were mostly catholic?

Answer 12

The North and West, especially more poor/rural sections of those areas

Question 13

How did the protestants/puritans put pressure onto Elizabeth?

Answer 13

There were some protestants in powerful positions, such as MPs and Privy Councillors who pressured Elizabeth to make England more protestant.

Question 14

What 2 European counties threatened Elizabeth with invasion if she didn’t return to Catholicism?

Answer 14

Spain and the Netherlands (these were both superpowers at the time)

Question 15

State 2 features of the religious settlement that concerned Protestants.

Answer 15

Elizabeth was head of the church instead of the pope
All churches had to have an English bible

Question 16

State 2 features of the religious settlement that concerned Catholics.

Answer 16

Churches could be highly decorated
Priests had to wear vestments

Question 17

What was the religious settlement also known as?

Answer 17

The middle way

Question 18

What was the punishment for people who didn’t attend Sunday church services and what were they known as in society?

Answer 18

A) A heavy fine
B) Recusants

Question 19

Define the term “church papist.”

Answer 19

A catholic who remained loyal to the Pope but followed the laws and attended protestant church services.

Question 20

What was Elizabeth’s attitudes towards recusants pre 1580?

Answer 20

Elizabeth tolerated catholics and the fine for recusancy was not enforced in catholic areas

Question 21

What comment did the Pope make that worsened the catholic threat?

Answer 21

It would not be a sin for someone to kill Elizabeth.
This increased the risk of assassination.

Question 22

What initial plot emerged after 1580 to replace Elizabeth?

Answer 22

Catholics began to plot to make Mary Queen of Scots the queen of England

Question 23

What ruler started to plan an invasion of England?

Answer 23

Phillip of Spain

Question 24

State 3 ways that Elizabeth responded to the Catholic threat.

Answer 24

1) The fine for recusancy was increased by 20,000% to £20 and was properly enforced in all areas. (1581)
2) The death penalty was introduced for anyone sheltering a Catholic priest. (1585)
3) New legislation banned Catholics from travelling more than 5 miles away from their home. (1593)

Question 25

By 1588, how many catholics were in England?

Answer 25

3 million

Question 26

By 1603, how many catholics were in England?

Answer 26

40,000

Question 27

In Catholicism, who should be the head of the church?

Answer 27

The Pope

Question 28

In Protestantism, who should be the head of the church?

Answer 28

The Monarch

Question 29

In Puritinism, who should be the head of the church?

Answer 29

No one

Question 30

In Catholicism, who should run the church?

Answer 30

Archbishops and bishops

Question 31

In Protestantism, who should run the church?

Answer 31

Archbishops and bishops

Question 32

In Puritanism, who should run the church?

Answer 32

Elected committees

Question 33

In Catholicism, what language should the bible be in?

Answer 33

Latin

Question 34

In Protestantism, what language should the bible be in?

Answer 34

English

Question 35

In Puritansim, what language should the bible be in?

Answer 35

English

Question 36

In Catholicism, what should churches look like inside?

Answer 36

Decorated

Question 37

In Protestantism, what should churches look like inside?

Answer 37

Plain and simple

Question 38

In Puritanism, what should churches look like inside?

Answer 38

Plain and simple

Question 39

In Catholicism, should priests wear vestments?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

In Protestantism, should priests wear vestments?

Answer 40

No

Question 41

In Puritanism, should priests wear vestments?

Answer 41

Absolutely not