GCSE History OCR B (The Elizabethans 1580 - 1603) Section 1: Inheritance, Religious division and the religious settlement Flashcards
Which 2 members of Elizebeth’s family had been kings of England?
Henry VIII + Henry VII
Which 2 Tudor monarchs ruled but didn’t have an heir?
Edward VI + Mary
When did Mary die and what happened after her death?
1558
Elizabeth inherited the throne
After Elizabeth took the throne, what was the initial attitude towards her rule?
She had an illegitimate claim to the throne
Who was Elizabeth’s mother and what happened to her?
Anne Boleyn (Henry the 8th’s second wife)
She was beheaded and Henry annulled their marriage.
What was the public’s concerns about having a woman on the throne?
As 16th century England was a patriarchal society, people were worried that a female monarch could not lead their armies into a battle and would only do what their husbands wanted.
How much debt did Elizabeth inherit?
£300,000
How did Elizabeth respond to the debt she inherited?
She raised taxes in order to pay back the debt, however this had limited impact as she also accrued more debt by taking out loans to fund an army and a naval fleet.
How did the reformation change English religious beliefs?
Protestants started to challenge Catholic beliefs.
Groups of Protestants, called the Puritans, challenged these beliefs even further.
State 1 difference between a Catholic and Protestant church.
Catholic churches - Coulourful images, decorated alters
Protestant churches - Plain walls, wooden alters
What was Elizabeth’s opinion on the Puritans?
She disliked the extremism of the puritans
Which areas of England were mostly catholic?
The North and West, especially more poor/rural sections of those areas
How did the protestants/puritans put pressure onto Elizabeth?
There were some protestants in powerful positions, such as MPs and Privy Councillors who pressured Elizabeth to make England more protestant.
What 2 European counties threatened Elizabeth with invasion if she didn’t return to Catholicism?
Spain and the Netherlands (these were both superpowers at the time)
State 2 features of the religious settlement that concerned Protestants.
Elizabeth was head of the church instead of the pope
All churches had to have an English bible
State 2 features of the religious settlement that concerned Catholics.
Churches could be highly decorated
Priests had to wear vestments
What was the religious settlement also known as?
The middle way
What was the punishment for people who didn’t attend Sunday church services and what were they known as in society?
A) A heavy fine
B) Recusants
Define the term “church papist.”
A catholic who remained loyal to the Pope but followed the laws and attended protestant church services.
What was Elizabeth’s attitudes towards recusants pre 1580?
Elizabeth tolerated catholics and the fine for recusancy was not enforced in catholic areas
What comment did the Pope make that worsened the catholic threat?
It would not be a sin for someone to kill Elizabeth.
This increased the risk of assassination.
What initial plot emerged after 1580 to replace Elizabeth?
Catholics began to plot to make Mary Queen of Scots the queen of England
What ruler started to plan an invasion of England?
Phillip of Spain
State 3 ways that Elizabeth responded to the Catholic threat.
1) The fine for recusancy was increased by 20,000% to £20 and was properly enforced in all areas. (1581)
2) The death penalty was introduced for anyone sheltering a Catholic priest. (1585)
3) New legislation banned Catholics from travelling more than 5 miles away from their home. (1593)
By 1588, how many catholics were in England?
3 million
By 1603, how many catholics were in England?
40,000
In Catholicism, who should be the head of the church?
The Pope
In Protestantism, who should be the head of the church?
The Monarch
In Puritinism, who should be the head of the church?
No one
In Catholicism, who should run the church?
Archbishops and bishops
In Protestantism, who should run the church?
Archbishops and bishops
In Puritanism, who should run the church?
Elected committees
In Catholicism, what language should the bible be in?
Latin
In Protestantism, what language should the bible be in?
English
In Puritansim, what language should the bible be in?
English
In Catholicism, what should churches look like inside?
Decorated
In Protestantism, what should churches look like inside?
Plain and simple
In Puritanism, what should churches look like inside?
Plain and simple
In Catholicism, should priests wear vestments?
Yes
In Protestantism, should priests wear vestments?
No
In Puritanism, should priests wear vestments?
Absolutely not
