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Geography > GCSE 2.A - Urban Issues and Challenges (Bristol) > Flashcards

GCSE 2.A - Urban Issues and Challenges (Bristol) Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the UK’s Population distributed?

A

Unevenly, being the one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with 84% of our population living in cities
260 people per square kilometer density on average

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2
Q

Why is the Majority of the UK’s population living in urban areas?

A

Because the UK has gone through urbanisation

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3
Q

what is the average Population density in London vs Northern scotland

A

5000/km2 London
10/km2 Northern Scotland

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4
Q

Where are the fastest growing cities in the UK?

A

The fastest growing cities are in south east england

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5
Q

where has had the biggest growth so far in the 20th century?

A

London, with over a million people

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6
Q

What is the only major city where the Population has fallen

A

Sunderland ( North East England )

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7
Q

Brownfield site

A

former industrial land that has been abandoned and that now awaits reuse

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8
Q

REDEVELOPMENT

What particular areas are redeveloping?

A

Bristol harbourside

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9
Q

why did areas like the harbouside become derelict?

A
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10
Q

what has happened to the harbouside now?

A
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11
Q

what has happened to Finzel’s reach?

A
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12
Q

What has happened to Stokes Croft?

A
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13
Q

What oppurtunities have the development in Stokes Croft and Finzel’s reach created?

social and economic

A
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14
Q

Urban Sustainability

A

A city organised without over reliance on the surrounding rural areas and using renewable energy
Sustainability is about planning for today, but meeting the need of tomorrow

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15
Q

What are the 3 main ways of urban sustanability in Bristol?

A

Waste management
Transport systems
Urban Greening

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16
Q

WASTE MANAGEMENT

Bristol produces less waste than any other city in the UK, How?

A
  • Teach pupils about recycling
  • Introduced more specialised kerbside recycling facilities
  • Making improvemnts in recycling so more can be recycled
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17
Q

What is an example of waste management in Bristol

A

Avonmouth waste treatment plant
treats 200,000 tonnes of waste per year
- Will divert 320,000 tonnes of non- recyclable household waste from more polluting landfil every year, generating over 300 GWh og electricity per year, enough to power 84,000 homes.

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18
Q

Transport systems

A
  • In 2012 Bristol was the 2nd most conjested city in the uk. A Journey in rush hour toook a 3rd longer than at other times
  • To combat this the city created an Integrated transport system
  • This idea is to create public transport systems that easily link to each other meaning that passenger journeys can be seamless beteen different types of transport
  • The Rapid transport network connects 3 bus routes linking Bristol Temple meads with the Park and Ride
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19
Q

What are the advantages to the improvement of transport systems?

A
  • Reduced numbers of Obesity and Deaths due to pollution or Road accidents
  • Betterment to emploment
  • Reduced carbon output
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20
Q

Urban Greening

Making urban spaces greener

A

Green space contributes to urban sustainably in several ways:
- absorb Co2 and releasing oxygen and wateer, helping to keep - cities cool and conserving energy
- Providing areas of recreation as well as improving mental health
- providing important wildlife habitiats and promoting biodiversity
- trees protect soil from heavy rainfall and reduce runoff thereby helping to reduce the flood risk

E.g

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21
Q

What jobs has the development of the Development of information technology created?

A

IT consoltants, jobs in IT firms
People can work at home via the internet

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22
Q

how has the Development of information
technology developed the UK’s post-industrial economy?

A

Computers aloow large amounts of data to be stored
Internet allows communication

23
Q

How has the Development of information
technology affected the
UK economy?

A

Attracts investments
from abroad
Employs 1.3 million
people
New businesses are
directly involved with IT

24
Q

Examples of jobs in the tertiary sector

A

Doctor, Insurance,
fund management,
mechanic &
accountant

25
Q

How has the service sector developed the UK’s
post-industrial economy?

A

Grown rapidly since 1970s.
Finance - The UK is the world’s
leading centre for financial
services

26
Q

How has the service industry affected
the UK economy

A

Financial services account for 10% of the UK’s GDP.
Employs over 2 million people

27
Q

Examples of research jobs

A

Scientists
Engineer
Market researcher

28
Q

How has research developed the UK’s
post-industrial economy?

A

Developed the importance of
highly qualified people and role
of universities in research and
the growth of the economy

29
Q

How has research affected
the UK economy?

A

Contributed over £3
billion to the economy
and employs over
60,000 people.

30
Q

The British Antrarctic Survey

A

Employs over 500 higly skilled people, based in Cambridge
Scientific research stations in polar reigions

31
Q

What are the impact of large scale extracion industries

A

Large-scale extraction industries such as mining and quarrying can have an impact on the environment. Quarries have been cut out of the countryside and huge waste tips piled on the edges on mining settlements.

32
Q

What are the impacts of the industry on the physical environment

A
  • Tips
  • Degredation
  • Traffic - air pollution
  • Oil spills / water pollution
  • Fumes from factorys
33
Q

What are the impacts of the industry on the physical environment - waste

A

Often taken to landil, cn pollute the ground and harm the air, water and soil

34
Q

What are the impacts of the industry on the physical environment - Degredation

A

Industrial processes can degrade the soil

35
Q

What are the impacts of the industry on the physical environment - pollution

A

can cause air pollution and water pollution

36
Q

What are the social knock on effects of the impacts of the industry on the physical environment

A
  • air and water pollution can damage health - lung damage or water bourne diseases
  • Asthma, bronchitis, lung cancer, cholera
  • Biomass consumed may have microplastics
37
Q

How can industrial developemnt be more sustainable?

A

technology - reduce emissions
Heavy fines for pollution
Desulphurisation - remove harmful gases
Conserve, protect and restore natural ecosystems/ biodiversity
Stricter environmental targets

38
Q

Counter urbanisation

A

where large numbers of people move from urban areas to the surrounding countryside

39
Q

Uk’s urban spread statistics

A

81.5% of people live in urban areas, but only 6.8% of the UK is urban

40
Q

Why is the UK counter-urbanising?

A

People move out of London to places nearby to enjoy the countryside. e.g South cambridgeshire

41
Q

Why would people choose to live in the countryside rather than London?

A

Harmful pollution, busy traffic
Improved internet quality/ use of technology/ commuter. routes e.g teams
Bigger/ cheaper houses
Ageing wealthy popualtion - rather live pleasantly
Calmer countryside due to green space

42
Q

what are the outer hebrides?

A

a remote island chain off the north-west coast of scotland

43
Q

Why would young people wish to leave outer hebrides?

A

Low job opportunities

44
Q

Why is transport in the UK a major issue?

A

Many large transport infrastructres are in the south leading to inequalitys between the north and the south. More has to be done to better connect the north.

45
Q

What are some examples of major transport in the UK?

A

Heathrow Airport ( International Airports )
Major Motorways (m25, m4, m3, m1)
Great western railway/ SW railway - Lizzie line
London tube
HS2 - HS1 is the eurorail

46
Q

Road improvements (North)

A
  • 2014 govenment announced a 15 billion “Road investment strategy”
  • Making the network safer - 40% reduction of deaths and serious injuries
47
Q

What is part of the govenment’s levelling up strategy - “Road investment strategy”

A
  • 100 new road schemes by 2020
  • 1300 new lane miles added to motorways & trunk road
  • Improve road design ( Smart motorway tech )
  • Improve connectivity
48
Q

Smart motorway tech explanation

A

remove hard sholder, add another lane instead and a pull over point. Lanes are electronically monitored and X’d out if a car has broken down on them

49
Q

Where are ports and airports located in the uk? Why?

A
  • Ports are found at coastal and estuary locations - Import and export of bulky raw materials and manufacture goods
  • Airports are located close to major cities - London - transport of less bulky high-value goods
50
Q

Why has a new port opened on the Thames Estuary near London?

A

The london gateway is larger, up to 400 metres long and can carry up to 18,000 containers

51
Q

What facts are for the Manchester expansion?

A

The airport is further form built up area so less people will be affected by noise
22 million people live within a 2 hour drive and HS2 will improve connections
Boost the economy of N england

52
Q

What facts are against the Manchester Expansion?

A

The boost to the economy would not be as great as Heathrow
London would be less able to compete with rival cities
CO2 emmisions would increase by 50% if runways double

53
Q

Facts for the Heathrow expansion

A

Help London to compete with rivals such as NY and Paris
Jobs oppurtunities
Boost the economy of the U by over 200 billion

54
Q

Facts against the heathrow expansion

A

Alread largest emmiter of co2 in the UK
Noise pollution
One village will be demolished and 2 others are threatened

Geography (10 decks)

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