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Fundamentals of Life Science > Gastrulation > Flashcards

Gastrulation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is meant by “the inner cell mass is pluripotent”

A

These cells have the ability to form all cells of the mature organism

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2
Q

What is the bilaminar embryonic disc?

A

Formed from the epiblast and hypoblast

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3
Q

What is the name given to epiblast cells lining the amniotic cavity?

A

Amnioblasts

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4
Q

What is the extracoelomic membrane?

A

Formed from the hypoblast cells

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5
Q

What is the extraembryonic mesoderm?

A

Surrounds the embryo entirely

Formed of cut-trophoblast and extracoelomic cells that have differentiated

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6
Q

What is the chorionic cavity?

A

Formed from cavities that appear in the extraembryonic mesoderm

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7
Q

How many days after fertilisation for the chorionic cavity to form?

A

13 days

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8
Q

What is the primitive streak?

A

1st stage of gastrulation

Appears on the surface of the epiblast at the caudal end

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9
Q

What is the primitive node?

A

Develops at the cephalic end

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10
Q

What happens at the primitive streak?

A

Cells of the epiblast migrate and detach from the epiblast layer

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11
Q

What is invagination?

A

Cells migrating between epiblast and hypoblast layers

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12
Q

What are the three germ layers?

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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13
Q

When does the embryonic endoderm?

A

The first epiblast cells that invaginate

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14
Q

What is the ectoderm formed from?

A

Epiblast cells that do not invaginate

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15
Q

What happens to individual cells at the primitive streak?

A

Loss of polarity and basal lamina
Adopt morphology called bottle cells
Once through the streak become mesechymal cells

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16
Q

Is the primitive streak static?

A

No, it initially expands cranially and then retreats leaving the notochord in its place

17
Q

How does the dorso-ventral axis appear?

A

Through separation of the inner cell mass to hypoblast and epiblast

18
Q

What forms the anterior-posterior axis?

A

The primitive streak

19
Q

How can we prove the inner cell mass is pluripotent?

A

Kill one blastomere and still have perfectly functioning offspring

20
Q

How does conjoined twins occur?

A

Partially divided primitive streak

Fundamentals of Life Science (24 decks)

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