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Fundamentals of Life Science > Formation of major organs > Flashcards

Formation of major organs Flashcards

1
Q

What three things derive from the ectoderm?

A

Surface ectoderm
Neural tube
Neural crest

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2
Q

What is the surface ectoderm?

A

Epidermis
Hair and nails
Olfactory and mouth epithelia
Lens and cornea

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3
Q

What is the neural tube?

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Motor neurons
Retina

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4
Q

What is the neural crest

A 
PNS
Adrenal medulla
Melanocytes
Facial cartilage
Dentine
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5
Q

What is the first stage of neurulation?

A

Formation of medial hinge point in the neural plate
Notochord
Dorso-lateral hinge points meet and form neural crest

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6
Q

How many days until the neural tube has closed?

A

23 days after fertilisation

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7
Q

What disorders could arise from neural tube malfunction?

A

Anencephaly

Spina bifida

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8
Q

What is folate?

A

Vitamin B9

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9
Q

What is folate’s role?

A

Crucial in neural tube foundation

Recommended consumption of 400microg in first 12 weeks

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10
Q

What are the three derivatives of the mesoderm?

A

Paraxial mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm

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11
Q

What is the paraxial mesoderm?

A

Axial skeleton
Axial muscles
Limb muscles

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12
Q

What is the intermediate mesoderm?

A

Urogenital system

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13
Q

What is the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Limb skeleton
Mesentries
Blood, heart and circulatory system

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14
Q

What happens to the lateral plate mesoderm?

A

Separates into two layers
Somatic mesoderm
Sphlanchnic mesoderm

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15
Q

What is somitogenesis?

A

Formation of somites

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16
Q

What are somites?

A

Spheres of cells surrounding a central lumen

Either side of the neural tube

17
Q

What shape is the embryo at 4 weeks after fertilisation?

A

Flat
Oval
Trilaminar
Disc

18
Q

What happens to the shape of the embryo at 4 weeks?

A

The left and right edges of the embryonic disc move ventrally, constricting the neck of the yolk sack

19
Q

What is the result of lateral folding?

A

Ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal layers on both sides fuse
Ectoderm covers the entire surface of the embryo
Coelom forms
Splanchic mesoderm lines the visceral organs
Somatic mesoderm forms body wall
Gut forms

20
Q

What is cephalocaudal folding?

A

At the same time as lateral folding occurs

Results in formation of foregut and hindgut

21
Q

What two tubes does the endoderm give rise to?

A

Digestive tube

Respiratory tube

22
Q

What does the anterior portion of the foregut develop into?

A

Pharynx
Thymus
Parathyroid glands

23
Q

What does the remainder of the foregut form?

A

Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Fundamentals of Life Science (24 decks)

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