Gastroenteritis in children

Question 1

What is gastroenteritis (RF, Sx, causes)

Answer 1

10% of under 5 present with GE every year
causes in desending (with associated sx_
Rotavirus -most common and normal sx
Campylobacter Jejeni- severe abdo pain, bloody stools
Shigella/Salmonella - Blood/pus in stool, pain, tenesmus, fever
Cholera/E.coli - dehydrating diarrhoae
Prozoan
CHESS organism (campylo, heamor E.coli, Entamoeba, shiglla, salmonella

Sx - Suddent change to loose stools and accompanied by vomiting
potential travel hx
complication - dehydration-> shock
RF= < 6m old, 2> vomits over 24h, 5> diarrheoae in 24h, cant feed/malnourished
clinical signs of dehydration

Question 2

Ix and Mx of gastroenteritis

Answer 2

AXR to exclude other causes
stool samples- viral -stool electron microscopy
Older/bacterial -culture

Mx -
rehydration -maintenance volume -
0-10kh -100ml/kg
10-20-+ 50ml/kg
20+ -20ml/kg
<5 - 50mg/kg over 4h + maintenance + oral rehydraton solution
>5 -200ml after each stool

advice on spread prevention (avoid school 48h after end of sx)
NO sugary drinks
NO antidiarrhoels under 5

Saefety net -diarrhoea 5-7d. must stop in 2 weeks
vomit -1-2d -must stop in 3

advice on spread prevention
Notify health protection if -CHESS organism