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Gastrointestinal Conditions (JBR) > Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning (FA) > Flashcards

Gastroenteritis and Food Poisoning (FA) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the incubation period of Campylobacter?

A

3-10 days

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2
Q

That is the mechanism of Campylobacter?

A

Inflammation of the colon

may spread to blood

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3
Q

How does Campylobacter spread?

A

Farm animals

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Campylobacter?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Self-liiting

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5
Q

How do you treat Campylobacter?

A

Usually none

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6
Q

How do you treat Campylobacter if there are co-morbidities or other indications?

A

(Macrolide) Erythromycin / Ciprofloxacin

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7
Q

What are the buzzwords for Campylobacter?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Farm animals
Chicken
Poultry

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8
Q

What is the incubation ntiem of salmonella enteric?

A

12-48 hours

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of Salmonella enteric?

A

inflame ileum and colon
Mucosal damage
Decreased fluid absorption

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Salmonella enteric?

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Self-limiting

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11
Q

How do you treat Salmonella?

A

Ciprofloxacin

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12
Q

What are the buzzwords for Salmonella?

A

Farm animals

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13
Q

How do you type Salmonella?

A

According to the O-antigen

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of shigella?

A

Blood and pus in stool
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea

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15
Q

How does Shigella sonni spread?

A

Human to human

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of Shigella sonni?

A

Mucosa inflammation

Self-limiting

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17
Q

What is the incubation period of Shigella?

A

1-9 days

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18
Q

What are the buzzwords for Shigella?

A

Children
Outbreak
Pus and blood in stool

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19
Q

Who gets E-coli?

A

Young children and elderly

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of E. coli?

A

Verotoxin binds to receptors on RBC and renal cells
Inhibit protein synthesis
Causes cell death

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21
Q

How does e. coli spread?

A

Cattle and infected water supplies

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22
Q

What are the symptoms of E. coli?

A

Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhoea
HUS

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23
Q

What is HUS?

A

Haemolytic uraemia syndrome

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24
Q

How do you test for HUS?

A

Fever and blood test

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25
Q

How do you treat E. coli?

A

No treatment

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26
Q

What are the buzzwords for E. coli?

A

Cattle
HUS
Verotoxin

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27
Q

What causes typhoid/paratyphoid?

A

Salmonella typhi

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28
Q

Where is the body can be a chronic carrier of typhoon?

A

Gall bladder

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29
Q

Which distant sites are affected by tyhoiid?

A

Bone

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30
Q

What is the incubation time of typhoid?

A

2-3 weeks

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31
Q

What is the mechanism of typhoid?

A

Invades lumen
enter blood and lymphatic
Invade Peyer’s patches

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32
Q

How does typhoid spread?

A

Human spread only

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33
Q

What are the symptoms of typhoid?

A 
Typhoid fever
Rose spots
Diarrhoea after 3 weeks
Abdominal pain
Rigor
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34
Q

How do you diagnose typhoid?

A

Stool test

Blood test

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35
Q

How do you treat typhoid?

A

Antibiotics-sensitivity test
Azithromycin
Vaccine available

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36
Q

What are the buzzwords for typhoid?

A

Travel
Fever
No diarrhoea
Rose spots

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37
Q

What is the shape of vibrio cholerae?

A

Comma bacillus

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38
Q

What is the mechanism of cholera?

A

Exotoxin

Out during of Is cells –> watery diarrhoea

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39
Q

What are the symptoms of cholera?

A

Rice water stool

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40
Q

How do you treat cholera?

A

Maintain electrolyte balance

41
Q

What are the buzzwords for cholera?

A

War zone

Rice water diarrhoea

42
Q

Is the incubation period for Staph aureus short of long?

A

Short

43
Q

What his the mechanism of Staph aureus?

A

Enters stomach, vagus nerve and vomiting centre

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Staph aureus?

A

Vomiting

45
Q

What are the buzzwords for Staph aureus?

A

Vomiting
bakery
shrot onset

46
Q

What kind of bacterium is Clostridium perfringes?

A

Gram negative

47
Q

C. perfringes produces?

A

Spores

48
Q

What is the mechanism of Clostridium perfringes?

A

Ingest spores

Spores survive cooking

49
Q

What are the buzzwords for C. perfringes?

A

Meat

50
Q

What kind of bacterium is C. diff?

A

Anaerobic gram positive

51
Q

What are the 4 C’s of antibiotics that kill all other bacteria letting C. diff thrive?

A

Clindamyin
Co-amoxiclav
Cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin

52
Q

What are the risk factors for C. diff?

A

Immunocompromised
PPI
Recurrent CDI (Clostridium difficile infection)

53
Q

How do you treat non severe C. diff?

A

Metronidazole PO 400mg tds (10 days)

54
Q

How do you treat severe C. diff?

A

Vancomycin 125mg qds PO/NG (10 days)

+/- IV Metronidazole

55
Q

What does Bacillus cereus produce?

A

Exotoxin

56
Q

What kind of bacterium is bacillus cereus?

A

Gram positive aerobe

57
Q

What is the mechanism of bacillus cereus?

A

Spores survive cooking

58
Q

What are the buzzwords for B. cereus?

A

Reheated rice

59
Q

What kind of parasite is Cryptosporidium?

A

Protozoa

60
Q

What is Cryptosporidium associated with?

A

Animals and swimming pools

61
Q

What is the mechanism of Cryptosporidium?

A

Cysts ingested, hatch and invade mucosa lining

Small bowel

62
Q

What colour does Cryptosporidium have on microscopy?

A

Red

63
Q

What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidium?

A

Worse in HIV

Self-limiting

64
Q

What are the buzzwords for Cryptosporidium?

A

Swimming pools
Animal contact
Shit for britain

65
Q

Giardia lambilia is an example of a?

A

Parasite

66
Q

What is the mechansim of Giardia lambilia?

A

Cysts ingested

Invade upper GI

67
Q

How does Giardia spread?

A

Contaminated water

68
Q

What are the symptoms of Giardia?

A 
Diarrhoea
Malabsorption
Anorexia
Flatulence
Fatty stool
69
Q

How do you treat Giardia lambilia?

A

Metronidazole

70
Q

What are the buzzwords for Giardia lambilia?

A

Water supply
Fatty stool
Anorexia
Happy face protozoa

71
Q

What are enterobius vermicularis?

A

Thread worms

72
Q

What is the mechanism of thread worms?

A

Eggs laid on perianus

Itched and ingested

73
Q

What are the symptoms of threadworms?

A

Worms in stool

74
Q

What are the buzzwords for Enterobius vermicularis (threadworms)?

A

Child

Itchy bum

75
Q

What is the mechansim of Amoebiasis?

A

Amoebic cyst gobbles up red cels

76
Q

Wich part of the body is affected by Amoebiasis?

A

Large bowel

77
Q

Amoebiasis form?

A

Cysts

78
Q

What are the symptoms of Amoebiasis?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Bacteraemia
Liver abscess

79
Q

What are the buzzwords for Amoebiasis?

A

Salad
Abroad
Bloody diarrhoea

80
Q

Is the incubation period for norovirus short of long?

A

Short

81
Q

How contagious is norovirus?

A

Very

82
Q

How does norovirus spread?

A

Faecal to oral

Waterborn

83
Q

What are the symptoms of norovirus?

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhoea
Cramps

84
Q

How do you manage norovirus?

A

Self-limiting

Hydration

85
Q

What most commonly causes gastroenteritis in children under 3?

A

Rotavirus

86
Q

How does rotavirus spread?

A

Faecal oral

87
Q

What is the seasonality of rota and norovirus?

A

Winter

88
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus?

A

Mild watery to profuse diarrhoea
Shock
May have moderate fever first, then diarrhoea
Not bloody

89
Q

How do you manage rotavirus?

A

Self-limiting

Lasts a week

90
Q

What is the incubation period of Staph aureus and Bacillus cereus?

A

1-6 hours

91
Q

What is incubation period of Salmonella and E. coli?

A

12-48 hours

92
Q

Wha tis the incubation period of Shigella and Campylobacter?

A

48-72 hrs

93
Q

What is incubation period of Giardiasis and Amoebiasis?

A

> 7 days

94
Q

What is the incubation period of Cholera?

A

1-9 days

95
Q

How do you treat Campylobacter if systemic features`

A

Erythromycin or ciprofloxacin

96
Q

How do you treat salmonella if systemic features?

A

Ciprofloxacin

97
Q

How do you treat Giardiasis?

A

PO metronidazole

98
Q

How do you treat enterobius vermicularis?

A

PO mebendazole

99
Q

How do you treat Slamonella typhi, paratyphoid?

A

Ceftriaxone OR Azithromycin OR Ciprofloxacin

Gastrointestinal Conditions (JBR) (33 decks)

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