Gas exchange in aquatic environments Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the amount of oxygen in water different from the amount of oxygen in the air?

A

Water is more dense and more viscous, and lower oxygen solubility

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2
Q

What else will affect the amount of oxygen dissolved in water?

A

Temperature and dissolved salts

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3
Q

What are the 5 things that must be considered for respiratory anatomy to be effective?

A

Surface area, thickness of the respiratory surface, degree of vascularization, direct with external media, direction of media flow

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4
Q

Why does body size affect the respiratory needs of animals?

A

A larger animal has a lower surface area to volume ratio, and diffusion distance also increases

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5
Q

What is the relationship between time for diffusion and distance?

A

Time for diffusion increases with distance squared

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6
Q

What happens to the surface area to volume ratio if the radius increases?

A

Decreases

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7
Q

When is cutaneous respiration effective?

A

When the skin is small, thin, and moist

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8
Q

How are metabolic rate and oxygen consumption related?

A

Higher metabolic rate = higher oxygen demand

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9
Q

What would be the advantage of having thicker respiratory membranes if it reduces diffusion?

A

Reduces water loss in organisms like lower metabolic needs

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10
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Movement of environmental medium over the respiratory surface

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of respiratory systems?

A

Lungs, internal gills, and external gills

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12
Q

What are lungs?

A

An invagination into the body

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13
Q

What are internal gills?

A

An evagination out into a smaller body cavity protected by a flap of skin

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14
Q

What are external gills?

A

An evagination directly out into the medium

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15
Q

What are the 3 types of ventilation?

A

Non-directional, tidal, unidirectional

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16
Q

What type of respiratory system uses non-directional ventilation?

A

External gills

17
Q

What is non-directional ventilation?

A

The medium comes into contact with the respiratory surface in many directions

18
Q

How does medium mixing affect the efficiency of respiration with external gills?

A

Lower efficiency when there is poor mixing and a boundary layer

19
Q

What is tidal ventilation?

A

Air or water flows to and from the respiratory surface through the same passage

20
Q

Do lungs empty between breaths?

A

No, there is always some still in there that the new air will mix with

21
Q

How do the internal partial pressure between the blood and medium compare in tidal ventilation?

A

Partial pressure in the blood is lower than in the ambient air

22
Q

What is unidirectional ventilation?

A

Air comes across the respiratory surface in one direction

23
Q

What are the 3 types of unidirectional ventilation?

A

Concurrent, countercurrent, cross-current

24
Q

What is concurrent ventilation?

A

Blood and medium flow in the same direction

25
What is counter current ventilation?
Blood and medium flow in opposite direction
26
What is cross current ventilation?
Blood flows at an angle to the medium
27
What form of unidirectional ventilation is the best?
Countercurrent > cross current > concurrent