Gait Flashcards
What period is A?
Loading response
What period is B?
Mid stance
What period is C?
Terminal stance
What period is D?
Pre swing
What period is E?
Initial swing
What period is F?
Mid swing
What period is G?
Terminal swing
What phase is 1?
Stance phase
What phase is 2?
Swing phase
What is stride length?
Distance between two successive heel contacts of the same foot
What is step length?
Distance between heel contacts of each foot
What is step width?
Distance between heel centers of two consecutive heel contacts
What is toe-out angle?
Angle between the line of progression of the body and long axis of the foot
What is the cadence?
Number of steps taken per minute
What is walking speed?
Distance covered per unit time
What are two strategies to increase walking speed?
Increase stride length, increase cadence
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris
What is the function of the anterior leg?
Flex hip, extend knee
What is the innervation of the anterior component of the leg?
Femoral nerve
What muscles are in the medial/adductor compartment of the leg?
Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus
What are the functions of the medial/adductor compartment of the leg?
Adduct hip joint, flex hip joint, medially rotate hip joint
What is the innervation of the medial/adductor component of the leg?
Obturator nerve
What muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg?
Semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
What is the function of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Extend hip joint, flex knee
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Sciatic nerve
What is the function of the gluteal region?
Extend hip, abduct hip, laterally rotate hip
What muscles innervate the gluteal region?
Superior and inferior gluteal nerves
What are the anterior crural muscles?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
What is the function of the anterior crural muscles?
Dorsiflex ankle, invert/evert ankle, extend toes
What is the innervation of the anterior crural muscles?
Deep fibular nerve
What are the lateral crural muscles?
fibularis longus and brevis
What is the function of the lateral crural muscles?
Plantarflex ankle, evert ankle
What is the innervation of the lateral crural muscles?
Superficial fibular nerve
What are the superficial posterior crural muscles?
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
What are the deep posterior crural muscles?
Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
What is the function of posterior crural muscles?
Plantarflex ankle, invert ankle, flex toes
What is the innervation of the posterior crural muscles?
Tibial nerve
What muscles are active during the heel strike/initial contact action of walking?
Quadriceps, hamstrings, dorsiflexors
Which muscles are active during the loading response action of walking?
Quadriceps and gluteals
What muscles are active during the mid-stance phase of walking?
Gluteus medius (to keep hips parallel to ground), gastrocnemius, soleus
What muscles are active during the terminal stance of gait?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
What muscles are active during the pre-swing phase of gait?
Adductor longus, rectus femoris
What muscles are active during the initial swing phase of gait?
Hip flexors (iliacus), biceps femoris (short head), ankle DF (TA, EDL, EHL)
What muscles are active during the mid-swing phase of gait?
Hip flexors, ankle DF (TA, EDL, EHL)
What muscles are active in the terminal swing phase of gait?
Hip flexors, hamstrings, quadriceps, ankle DF (TA, EDL, EHL)
What are four categories of causes of pathological gait?
Deformity (joint contractures)
Muscle weakness
Impaired control (CVA, SCI, peripheral nerve injury)
Pain (OA)
What is foot drop?
An abnormal gait pattern where there is an inability to lift the front half of the foot off of the ground mid-swing
What is knee valgus?
Knee is displaced medially from the line between the hip and ankle (knock-kneed)
What is knee varus?
Knee is displaced laterally from the line between hip and ankle (bow-legged)
What is trendelenberg gait?
When hips are uneven during gait
What is knee fusion?
Abnormal knee anatomy that leads to an abnormal gait
