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fungi Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is mycology?

A

the study of fungi

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2
Q

are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

fungi are eukaryotic

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3
Q

how many known species are there?

A

100,000

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4
Q

fungi date back to when?

A

approximately 1 billion

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5
Q

what is a mycelium?

A

A mesh of branched filaments (hyphae)

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6
Q

what is the result of the interconnected cytoplasm of the cells?

A

free nutrient flow between the cells

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7
Q

are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

fungi are heterotrophic

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8
Q

what are saprobes?

A

nutrients from non-living organic matter

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9
Q

what does mutualists mean?

A

living with other organisms

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10
Q

parasites?

A

nutrients from organic living matter

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11
Q

what is saprobic fungal species?

A

a decomposer of dead organic material

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12
Q

what are some examples of parasitic fungi?

A

rust on a plant and a fungal predator on a roundworm

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13
Q

are fungus bodies haploid or diploid

A

fungus bodies are haploid

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14
Q

how can fungi reproduce asexually?

A

by forming spores through mitosis

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15
Q

how can fungi reproduce sexually?

A

by fusion of haploid cells followed by meiosis

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16
Q

are fungus mostly haploid or diploid?

A

fungus are mostly haploid

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17
Q

what is plasmogamy?

A

the fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid cells

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18
Q

what is karyogamy?

A

the fusion of two nuclei to form two diploid zygote

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19
Q

how many myophletic groups are there?

A

there are five

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20
Q

what are the oldest known group of fungi?

A

chytridiomycota, or chytrids

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21
Q

where do chytrids live?

A

in water on dead organisms or through parasitism

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22
Q

chytrids threaten what species?

A

many frogs!

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23
Q

where is zygomycota found?

A

In soil or decaying organisms

24
Q

what is the asexual reproduction of zygomycota?

A

reproduction from spores through sporangia

25
Q

what is the sexual reproduction of zygomycota?

A

hyphae from opposite mating types fuse

26
Q

what are some types of zygomycota?

A

mold on bread and fungi on fruit and vegetables

27
Q

where do ascomycota live?

A

In decaying vegetation

28
Q

what is the predominant phase of ascomycota life cycle?

A

the haploid phase

29
Q

the lifecycle of ascomycota is characterized by what?

A

the production of asci during the sexual phase

30
Q

what type of fungi form fruit bodies like mushrooms?

A

basidiomycetes

31
Q

do basidiomycetes reproduce sexually or asexually?

A

sexually

32
Q

what is dikaryotic mycelium?

A

mycelium with cells that have two haploid nuclei

33
Q

mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with what?

A

mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with plant roots

34
Q

how many observed species of glomeromycota are there?

A

about 230

35
Q

what is the sexual reproduction of deuteromycota?

A

the sexual reproduction is unknown

36
Q

what is the asexual reproduction of deuteromycota?

A

reproduction through conidiospores in conidiosphores

37
Q

do members of deuteromycota share a common ancestor?

A

no, deuteromycota are not a monophyletic clade

38
Q

which types of fungi are mutualists?

A

mycorrhizae, lichens, and endophytic fungi

39
Q

what does mutualists mean?

A

interact closely with other organisms

40
Q

mycorrhizae are mutualists with what?

A

plant roots

41
Q

where do ectomycorrhizae live?

A

on the outside of roots or cells

42
Q

what do endomycorrhizae do?

A

they penetrate root cells as arbuscules

43
Q

what nutrients do mycorrhizae uptake when facilitating plant roots?

A

they facilitate phosphorus and nitrogen

44
Q

what do mycorrhizae get in return when facilitating plant roots?

A

they get sugars in return

45
Q

the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without what type of fungi?

A

the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without mycorrhizae

46
Q

lichens are sensitive to what?

A

air pollution

47
Q

lichens are in a mutualistic relationship with what?

A

with photosynthetic organisms (typically alga, or cyanobacteria)

48
Q

photosynthetic organisms produce food through photosynthesis, and a large part is________?

A

consumed by lichens!

49
Q

fungus provides what kind of environment for alga, or bacterium?

A

it provides it with a protective environment

50
Q

lichens are a pioneer species, because?

A

they live in harsh environments

51
Q

what are the roles of fungi?

A

recyclers, parasites, and they affect humans in a number of ways

52
Q

what are the roles of fungi as recyclers?

A

many fungi are saprophytes or saprobes, which means they eat dead organic material and recycle the nutrients

53
Q

what are the roles of fungi as parasites?

A

they can kill plants and animals

54
Q

how do fungi affect humans?

A

they can destroy crops, cause diseases, produce toxins, and they also have benefits, like medicine and yeast

55
Q

amanita virosa, also known as the deadly angel, is so dubbed for what reason?

A

because it’s deadly poisonous and the guy that named it was racist

56
Q

what does mycetismus mean?

A

ingestion of poisonous mushrooms

57
Q

what does mycotoxicosus mean?

A

poisoning by mushrooms

biology (14 decks)

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