fungi Flashcards
what is mycology?
the study of fungi
are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
fungi are eukaryotic
how many known species are there?
100,000
fungi date back to when?
approximately 1 billion
what is a mycelium?
A mesh of branched filaments (hyphae)
what is the result of the interconnected cytoplasm of the cells?
free nutrient flow between the cells
are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic?
fungi are heterotrophic
what are saprobes?
nutrients from non-living organic matter
what does mutualists mean?
living with other organisms
parasites?
nutrients from organic living matter
what is saprobic fungal species?
a decomposer of dead organic material
what are some examples of parasitic fungi?
rust on a plant and a fungal predator on a roundworm
are fungus bodies haploid or diploid
fungus bodies are haploid
how can fungi reproduce asexually?
by forming spores through mitosis
how can fungi reproduce sexually?
by fusion of haploid cells followed by meiosis
are fungus mostly haploid or diploid?
fungus are mostly haploid
what is plasmogamy?
the fusion of cytoplasm between two haploid cells
what is karyogamy?
the fusion of two nuclei to form two diploid zygote
how many myophletic groups are there?
there are five
what are the oldest known group of fungi?
chytridiomycota, or chytrids
where do chytrids live?
in water on dead organisms or through parasitism
chytrids threaten what species?
many frogs!
where is zygomycota found?
In soil or decaying organisms
what is the asexual reproduction of zygomycota?
reproduction from spores through sporangia
what is the sexual reproduction of zygomycota?
hyphae from opposite mating types fuse
what are some types of zygomycota?
mold on bread and fungi on fruit and vegetables
where do ascomycota live?
In decaying vegetation
what is the predominant phase of ascomycota life cycle?
the haploid phase
the lifecycle of ascomycota is characterized by what?
the production of asci during the sexual phase
what type of fungi form fruit bodies like mushrooms?
basidiomycetes
do basidiomycetes reproduce sexually or asexually?
sexually
what is dikaryotic mycelium?
mycelium with cells that have two haploid nuclei
mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with what?
mycorrhizae live in symbiosis with plant roots
how many observed species of glomeromycota are there?
about 230
what is the sexual reproduction of deuteromycota?
the sexual reproduction is unknown
what is the asexual reproduction of deuteromycota?
reproduction through conidiospores in conidiosphores
do members of deuteromycota share a common ancestor?
no, deuteromycota are not a monophyletic clade
which types of fungi are mutualists?
mycorrhizae, lichens, and endophytic fungi
what does mutualists mean?
interact closely with other organisms
mycorrhizae are mutualists with what?
plant roots
where do ectomycorrhizae live?
on the outside of roots or cells
what do endomycorrhizae do?
they penetrate root cells as arbuscules
what nutrients do mycorrhizae uptake when facilitating plant roots?
they facilitate phosphorus and nitrogen
what do mycorrhizae get in return when facilitating plant roots?
they get sugars in return
the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without what type of fungi?
the conquest of land by plants would not have been possible without mycorrhizae
lichens are sensitive to what?
air pollution
lichens are in a mutualistic relationship with what?
with photosynthetic organisms (typically alga, or cyanobacteria)
photosynthetic organisms produce food through photosynthesis, and a large part is________?
consumed by lichens!
fungus provides what kind of environment for alga, or bacterium?
it provides it with a protective environment
lichens are a pioneer species, because?
they live in harsh environments
what are the roles of fungi?
recyclers, parasites, and they affect humans in a number of ways
what are the roles of fungi as recyclers?
many fungi are saprophytes or saprobes, which means they eat dead organic material and recycle the nutrients
what are the roles of fungi as parasites?
they can kill plants and animals
how do fungi affect humans?
they can destroy crops, cause diseases, produce toxins, and they also have benefits, like medicine and yeast
amanita virosa, also known as the deadly angel, is so dubbed for what reason?
because it’s deadly poisonous and the guy that named it was racist
what does mycetismus mean?
ingestion of poisonous mushrooms
what does mycotoxicosus mean?
poisoning by mushrooms
